Legal & Judicial Ethics

You are the counsel for Boni and Klyde, who are accused as co-conspirators in a Murder case. During arraignment, they both pleaded not guilty. In the course of the trial, Klyde confessed to you that it was actually Boni who committed the Murder and that he merely helped Boni dispose of the body. Klyde tells you that he wants to plead guilty and directs you to inform the prosecution and the judge that he wants to testify against Boni as a state witness. Can you continue to represent Boni, or Klyde, or both? Explain briefly.

Identify five duties of a lawyer as stated in the Lawyer's Oath.

Draft a certification against non-forum shopping.

Draft a jurat.

A known tax lawyer in Iloilo became a member of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines in 1974. The lawyer later migrated to the United States and became an American citizen in 1989. In 2006, the lawyer reacquired their Philippine citizenship by taking the oath of allegiance as a Filipino citizen before the Philippine consulate in Washington, D.C. in the United States. The lawyer now intends to return to Iloilo and resume legal practice. Can this lawyer continue to practice law in the Philippines? Explain briefly.

While attending a wedding, a lawyer got to dance with and talk to another guest who ended up sharing details of their marital problems. When asked by the guest, the lawyer explained the distinctions among legal separation, annulment, declaration of nullity, and divorce. The lawyer went on to not only extend advice, but even map out a strategy on how the guest's marital woes could be addressed. At the end of the conversation, the lawyer and the guest agreed to meet at a later time to continue their discussion. After the dance, the lawyer returned to their seat and shared with their best friend the guest's marital problems. Did the lawyer breach attorney-client privilege? Explain briefly.

During work, an overseas Filipino seafarer was seriously injured after falling into the elevator shaft of a foreign vessel. After initial treatment in Singapore, the seafarer was flown to the Philippines to continue medical treatment. While the seafarer was confined in the hospital, two paralegals representing a lawyer approached the seafarer offering that lawyer's services at a significantly discounted rate. They explained that they could sue the employer for indemnity and added that the lawyer had a good track record at the National Labor Relations Commission. The paralegals even bragged about the lawyer's connections with the Supreme Court. The seafarer agreed to engage the lawyer's services. The employer proposed to settle the case out of court and eventually paid Php5,000,000.00. The employer deposited this amount in the lawyer's bank account. The lawyer tried to remit Php1,000,000.00 to the seafarer, making it appear that the settlement was for that amount. The seafarer refused to accept the amount of Php1,000,000.00 as no prior approval had been given to the lawyer to settle the case. The seafarer filed a complaint before the Supreme Court for the lawyer's disbarment. Does the seafarer have legal grounds to file the complaint? Explain briefly.

The lawyer of the accused filed a motion to inhibit, alleging as ground that the judge was the cousin of the private complainant, which is within the fourth degree of consanguinity. Should the judge inhibit? Explain briefly.

Every new lawyer must be acquainted with the consequences of noncompliance with the essential obligations attendant to the legal profession. Among these obligations are compliance with the requirements on Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE), and payment of Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) dues. (a) What are the consequences of non- compliance with the requirements on MCLE? (b) What are the consequences of non-payment of IBP dues?

A lawyer advertised in the newspaper the following: “Expert in annulment of marriage. Fast and sure. Consult anytime. ” Is the advertisement proper? Explain.

Y, who is a businessman, and Atty. X are good friends. Due to their closeness, Atty. X was able to borrow P300,000.00 from Y, which amount was intended to refurbish Atty. X's law Office. Months after, Y got into a contractual dispute with Z, one of his business partners. Hence, Y sought the legal services of Atty. X for the filing of the proper action against Z. In consideration for his legal services, Y paid Atty. X an acceptance fee of P50,000.00. Unfortunately, Atty. X and Y's relationship turned sour. Thus, all communications between them were cut, and worse, Atty. X failed to file the required initiatory pleading against Z on the date agreed upon. Aggrieved, Y filed an administrative complaint, seeking that Atty. X be sanctioned and that the P50,000.00 acceptance fee and the P300,000.00 personal loan be returned to him. (a) What administrative violation/s did Atty. X commit, if any? Explain. (b) May Y's prayer for the return of the P50,000.00 acceptance fee and the P300,000.00 personal loan prosper? Explain.

Unfortunately, Ms. S did not heed the demand letter, constraining you, on behalf of Mr. B, to file the necessary complaint before the Regional Trial Court of Quezon City. The complaint was filed on February 15, 2019, docketed as Civil Case No. 654321 and was raffled to Branch 77. Eventually, Ms. S was duly served with summons on March 15, 2019. However, she failed to file an answer or any motion requesting for an extension to file the same. Draft a Motion to Declare Ms. S in Default including the required Notice of Hearing.

On December 27, 2018, Mr. B visited the subject property and found out that Ms. S's brother, Mr. C, was still occupying the same. Furthermore, on the same day, Mr. B checked with the Bureau of Internal Revenue and discovered that the capital gains tax and the documentary stamp tax remained unpaid. Disappointed with the failure of Ms. S to duly fulfill her obligations based on their contract, Mr. B asked for your assistance regarding this matter. Draft a Demand Letter seeking fulfillment of Ms. S's obligations under the Deed of Absolute Sale within fifteen (15) days from receipt.

Practical Exercises Note: The final three (3) problems labelled B.15. to B.17. all pertain to the same set of parties and facts. Mr. B, a resident of Quezon City, engaged you as counsel to assist him in acquiring the house and lot being sold by Ms. S, also a resident of Quezon City, which lot is covered by Transfer Certicate of Title No. 54321, with an area of 500 square meters, located at Barangay 123, Quezon City, Philippines (subject property). At the meeting where Mr. B, Ms. S, and you were present, the following terms and conditions were agreed upon: 1.the purchase price for the subject property is P50,000,000.00; 2. Ms. S will pay the capital gains tax and documentary stamp tax arising from the sale, as well as the real estate taxes up to the date of the sale, within thirty (30) days from execution of the deed of sale, while the rest of the expenses to effect the transfer of title will be shouldered by Mr. B; and 3. Ms. S gave the assurance that the subject property would be free from any occupant/s within the same thirty-(30) day period. The Deed of Absolute Sale was scheduled to be signed by the parties on November 24, 2018 in Quezon City. Draft a Deed of Absolute Sale including the required notarial certificate reflecting the foregoing.

While driving on his way to court, Judge D personally witnessed a vehicular accident between a motorcycle and a car. Subsequently, a criminal case arising from said accident was raffled to his court. Should Judge D inhibit from this case? Explain.

(a) Distinguish compulsory from voluntary inhibition of judges. (b) State at least two (2) instances when a judge must compulsorily inhibit from a case.

The Cultural Heritage Association of Manila filed an injunction case to stop the construction of a 40-storey condominium building owned by XYZ Corp., a well-known real estate developer. Eventually, the injunction case was dismissed with finality by Judge T, and an entry of judgment was issued. Two (2) years later, Judge T bought condominium units in the same 40-storey building owned by XYZ Corp. Did Judge T commit an act of impropriety? Explain.

Judge B and his family went on vacation in an island resort in Coron, Palawan. One night, he was photographed by a local boatman who witnessed him appearing very drunk and in the act of dancing naked by the seashore. The photos were uploaded to a social media site and became viral. May Judge B be subjected to any disciplinary sanctions? Explain.

Atty. B is a newly admitted member of the Philippine Bar. As a means to manage his heavy case load, Atty. B delegated the preparation and signing of all motions for extension of time to his secretary, Ms. D. On the signature page of every motion, the following would appear: “Ms. D for B Law Office” X, one of Atty. B's clients, expressed concern over such practice. Atty. B reassured him that the same is completely permissible as lawyers are allowed to devise means to efficiently manage their workload. Besides, Ms. D is acting under his full knowledge and authority. Does the practice of Atty. B of having his motions for extension of time signed by Ms. D constitute any violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility? Explain.

Mr. O was disbarred from the practice of law in 2009 for gross immorality. Ten (10) years later, at age 58, he asked for judicial clemency and filed a petition for his reinstatement in the Roll of Attorneys. Mr. O had asked forgiveness from his children and maintained a cordial relationship with his complainant wife. He also submitted a certification from the parish priest and members of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines chapter to which he belongs of his civic mindedness and good moral character. Based on the guidelines for the reinstatement of a disbarred lawyer, may Mr. O be reinstated as a member of the Bar? Explain.

Pending resolution of a high-profile case against him, Justice K uttered, in a public forum hosted by a local Integrated Bar of the Philippines chapter, his comments on the perceived bias of the court against him, as well as on the issues raised by the complainants, his defenses, and the commentaries published by some local newsmen in relation to the case. This is only one instance of his many appearances in different gatherings of such nature in order to defend his public image. (a) Did Justice K, in his capacity as a lawyer, commit any violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility? If so, what rule did Justice K violate? Explain. (b) Arguing that he should be treated as any other ordinary litigant in the said case, may Justice K validly claim that his comments were made in a purely private capacity and hence, not subject to administrative sanction? Explain.

Mr. L sought legal advice from his lawyer, Atty. M, regarding the possibility of annulling his marriage. In the course of their conversation, Mr. L mentioned that he would be able to immediately pay Atty. M's legal fees because he received a huge kickback from a favored supplier in relation to his work as member of his Municipality's Bids and Awards Committee. (a) Is the communication made by Mr. L to Atty. M regarding the kickback he received presumed to be confidential? Explain. (b) What is the duty of a lawyer when, in the course of his representation, he discovered that his client committed fraud upon a person or a tribunal?

P was dismissed by his former employer, Company X, for allegedly misappropriating company funds entrusted to him. P alleged that there was no proof to substantiate the same; hence, his dismissal was invalid. Aggrieved, P engaged the services of ABCDE Law Office to represent him in an illegal dismissal case against Company X. Atty. A, a partner of the said law firm, was assigned to handle P's case. Eventually, the illegal dismissal case was terminated upon settlement by all parties, and thus, P's engagement with ABCDE Law Office ceased. Two (2) years after, a criminal case for Qualified Theft was filed by Company X against P based on the same events which filed to his dismissal. To his surprise, P found out that Company X was being represented by ABCDE Law Office in the criminal case. Decrying a violation of the rule on conflict of interest, P filed an administrative complaint against Attys. A, B, C, D, and E, the partners of ABCDE Law Office. (a) Was the rule on conflict of interest violated in this case? Explain. (b) Is the prior termination of P's engagement with ABCDE Law Office a valid defense to the administrative charge against Attys. A, B, C, D, and E? Explain. (c) May Attys. B, C, D, and E be held admin- istratively liable for violating the rule on conflict of interest despite the fact that it was only Atty. A, the handling lawyer, who had knowledge of P's engagement as a client? Explain.

Atty. U was being investigated by the Integrated Bar of the Philippines regarding a complaint for immorality filed by his wife, Y. Pending resolution of the case, complainant Y filed an affidavit of desistance and withdrawal of the complaint on the ground that she mistakenly filed the complaint out of jealousy. What is the effect of Y's filing of an affidavit of desistance and the withdrawal of her complaint in the administrative case against Atty. U? Explain.

Atty. A, a duly licensed notary public, has maintained several notarial registers in his separate offices in order to cater to the needs of his clients and accommodate their growing number. Due to Atty. A's busy schedule, Atty. A's secretary would usually perform the notarial acts on his behalf. Sometime in April 2017, Mrs. B, an Overseas Filipino Worker staying in Singapore, sought the legal services of Atty. A for the nullification of her marriage. Consequently, Atty. A drafted a petition with verification which was sent from his law Office in Manila to Singapore for the signature of Mrs. B, who, after signing the same, sent it back to Atty. A. When the document arrived in Atty. A's Office, his secretary, as per usual practice, notarized the signed document upon Atty. A's instruction. (a) Name at least two (2) violations of the Rules on Notarial Practice committed by Atty. A. (b) May Atty. A be also held liable under the Code of Professional Responsibility for the same infractions committed by him as a notary public? Explain. (c) What does the phrase “competent evidence of identity" refer to under the Rules on Notarial Practice?

Judge Celso Camarin posted in the bulletin board of his sala for two weeks, an advertisement which says: “Wanted attractive waitresses, personable waiters and cooks who may be interested in applying for employment in my family's restaurant business. Interested applicants may submit applications to Branch >OO<, RTC of Camarines Sur.” The screening of some applicants was also conducted in the Judge's Office. What provisions, if any, of the Code of Judicial Conduct did Judge Camarin violate?

In a complaint for disbarment, Connie alleged that she engaged the services of Atty. Cesar Corpuz in the preparation and execution in her favor of a Deed of Sale over a parcel of land from her common-law husband. Subsequently, Atty. Corpuz filed a civil case on behalf of Constancia, the legal wife of Connie's common-law husband, for the annulment of the Deed of Sale, impleading Connie as defendant. In his defense, Atty. Corpuz assented that, with the permission of Constancia, he wrote a letter to Connie informing the latter of Constancia’s adverse claim and urging her to settle the same, but Connie ignored his letter. He also said that Connie did not object to his handling of the case on behalf of Constancia; and therefore, he felt free to file the complaint against her. Is Atty. Corpuz guilty of misconduct for representing conflicting interests?

In a case pending before the Sandiganbayan, the Sandiganbayan justices themselves actually took part in the questioning of a defense witness and the accused. The records show that, while a witness was asked 16 questions on direct examination by the defense counsel and six (6) questions by the prosecutor on cross-examination, one justice interjected a total of 27 questions. After the defense opted not to conduct any re-direct examination, another justice asked 10 more questions. With respect to one of the accused, both justices asked a total of 67 questions after cross-examination, and with respect to the other accused, a total of 41 questions after cross-examination. More importantly, the questions of the justices were in the nature of cross-examinations characteristic of confrontation, probing, and insinuation. Is this manner of questioning proper?

On March 1, 2017, sisters and business partners Carmina and Celeste Corominas borrowed PhP500,000 from Carmen Carunungan. It was agreed that the amount will be paid in full one year after, or on March 1, 2018, with interest at the rate of 10% per annum, without necessity of a demand. They also agreed to be bound jointly and severally. For this purpose, they executed a promissory note, secured by a postdated check in the amount of PhP550,000 drawn from their joint account, which check was dated March 1, 2018. When the debt became due, Carmen deposited the check but it was dishonored for insufficient funds. Carmen then sued Carmina and Celeste for estafa through falsication of a commercial document. After nding probable cause, the prosecutor filed a criminal case in court, where the sisters were required to file their joint Judicial Affidavit. In their affidavit, they raised the defense that they could not be guilty of estafa because: (i) the check was issued only as a form of security; (ii) even if issued as payment, it was for a pre-existing debt; and (iii) it was only upon Carmen's insistence that they issued the check. Before the case could be decided, the sisters offered to settle their debt through a dacion en pago. They offered a Honda CRV which they jointly owned in full settlement of the loan. Carmen agreed. Prepare the following documents in legally acceptable and enforceable forms, based on the above facts: (a) The Promissory Note; (b) The Judicial Affidavit; and (c) The Dacion en Pago.

Charo Conti engaged the services of Atty. Cesar Compostela for the registration of a property located in Cebu, and which property she had inherited together with her siblings. It was agreed in writing that Charo would pay Atty. Compostela PhP 20,000 as acceptance fee and PhP2,000 as appearance fee. During the last hearing of the case, Atty. Compostela demanded an additional amount of PhP20,000 for the preparation of a memorandum, which he said would further strengthen Charo’s position, plus 20% of the total area of the property as additional fees for his services. Charo did not agree to Atty. Compostela’s demands since they were contrary to their agreement. Besides, the property was co—owned with her siblings and she could not agree to Atty. Compostela’s demands without the consent of her co-heirs. Four (4) years later, the petition for registration was approved and the Land Registration Authority notified Charo that the decree of registration and the original of the owner's duplicate copy of the title had already been transmitted to the Register of Deeds (RD). When Charo went to the RD, she was surprised to discover that the owner's duplicate copy of the title had already been claimed by, and released to, Atty. Compostela. Despite demand, Atty. Compostela refused to deliver the title to Charo until she paid the additional attorneys’ fees that he was demanding. Charo then instituted a complaint for disbarment against him. In his defense, Atty. Compostela claimed that: (a) he had a right to retain the owner's duplicate of the title as his retaining lien; and (b) he was entitled to the payment of additional professional fees on the basis of the principle of quantum meruit. Rule on Atty. Compostela’s defenses.

Cacai, law student, filed an administrative complaint a against RTC Judge Casimiro Conde, her professor in law school, based on the following allegations: (a) In a school convocation where Judge Conde was the guest speaker, Judge Conde openly disagreed and criticized a recently-decided Supreme Court decision and even stressed that the decision of the Supreme Court in that case was a serious violation of the Constitution. b) In his class discussions, Judge Conde named Cacai’s mother, an MTC judge, as one of the judges involved in a marriage scam. At that time, the case against her mother was still pending. Judge Conde also included in his class discussion Cacai’s brother whom he referred to as a “court-noted drug addict.” Cacai assented that the acts of Judge Conde were open displays of insensitivity, impropriety, and lack of delicadeza bordering on oppressive and abusive conduct. She also alleged that Judge Conde acted with absolute disrespect for the Court and violated the “subjudice rule” when he discussed the marriage scam involving her mother because, at that time, the case was still pending. In his defense, Judge Conde argued that the case he discussed in the school convocation was already of public knowledge and had been published after it had become final. He also said it was part of his academic freedom to openly discuss and criticize a decision of the Court since it was already decided with finality, was patently erroneous, and clearly a violation of the Constitution. With respect to discussions in class about Cacai’s mother, he said that the marriage scam where her mother was charged scandalized the Judiciary and became public knowledge when the Office of the Court Administrator held a press conference on the matter and, that as a citizen, he could comment thereon in the exercise of his rights to freedom of speech and expression. He also asserted that his discussions in both fora could not be the subject of an administrative complaint because they were not done in the performance of his judicial duties. Rule on each of the charges raised by Cacai, and the corresponding defenses raised by Judge Conde.

Dr. Cielo is a well-known medical doctor specializing in cosmetic surgery. Dr. Cielo, together with a team of doctors, performed a surgical buttocks enhancement procedure in her clinic on Ms. Cossette Concio (Concio). Unfortunately, after a couple of years, the implant introduced during the enhancement procedure caused infection and Concio became seriously ill. Concio filed a criminal action for medical malpractice against Dr. Cielo which was eventually dismissed for failure to prove that Dr. Cielo was negligent. Concio was represented in this action by Atty. Cogie Ciguerra (Ciguerra). After they lost the medical malpractice case, Ciguerra started writing a series of posts on his Facebook (FB) account containing insulting and verbally abuse language against Dr. Cielo. Among others, Ciguerra called Dr. Cielo a quack doctor, “reyna ng kaplastikan at kapalpakan”, and accused her of maintaining a payola or extra-legal budget to pay off prosecutors and judges in order to win her cases. He also called on patients to boycott the clinic of Dr. Cielo. Dr. Cielo filed a disbarment case against Ciguerra for posting on his FB account, sexist, vulgar, and obscene comments, and language disrespectful of women in his FB posts. Ciguerra’s defense is that his FB posts were private remarks on his private FB account and only meant to be shared among his FB friends, and Dr. Cielo was not part of them. He also claimed that the disbarment case was filed in violation of his constitutionally-guaranteed right to privacy. The Court, however, found that Ciguerra’s FB account did not have privacy settings. Can Ciguerra be disbarred for the series of posts in his FB account against Dr. Cielo?

From February to November 2004, Atty. Calumpang, in fraudulent connivance with brokers, convinced Corinna to deliver to him advance money for the titling of a beachfront property in Caramoan. Six months had elapsed and Atty. Calumpang had made absolutely no progress in the titling of the land. He also could not return the advance money paid by Corinna because he had converted the money to his personal use. After almost a decade, and the property could still not be titled in Corinna’s name, she filed an action with the Commission on Bar Discipline (CBD) in 2014 for deceit, malpractice, and conduct unbecoming of a member of the Bar. In his defense, Atty. Calumpang asserted that, since the acts complained of took place more than 10 years ago, the case had already prescribed. Rule on the defense of Atty. Calumpang.

Atty. Claire Cortez, a member of the Philippine Bar who was also admitted to the New York Bar, was disbarred from the practice of law in New York for violation of Anti-Money Laundering laws of that State. She returned to the Philippines in order to resume her Philippine law practice. Can she also be disbarred from practicing law in the Philippines for the same infraction committed in the foreign jurisdiction?

Atty. Celso Casis’ relationship with Miss Cory Cerrada began when he represented her in several criminal cases for estafa and violation of B.P. 22. His expertise and diligence in personally assisting and facilitating her release on bail and other legal actions saved her from many legal predicaments. Despite her initial resistance, Miss Cerrada, convinced by Atty. Casis’ sincerity and representation that he was separated from his wife and was taking necessary steps for the annulment of his marriage, began to live with him openly as husband and wife. One day, Atty. Casis’ wife suddenly entered Miss Cerrada’s home and assaulted her, inflicting injuries. Miss Cerrada then filed a complaint with the IBP charging Atty. Casis with gross immorality and gross misconduct. However, shortly afterwards, upon Atty. Casis’ pleas, Miss Cerrada filed a motion to withdraw the complaint. The IBP had required Atty. Casis to file an answer but he did not do so, relying on Miss Cerrada’s withdrawal of the complaint against him. Can the IBP continue to investigate Atty. Casis and recommend the imposition of sanctions against him, and for the Court to impose sanctions, if warranted, notwithstanding Miss Cerrada’s filing of the motion to withdraw the complaint against him?

Mrs. Conchita Conchu engaged the services of Atty. Carlo Colorado to act as private prosecutor to handle a criminal case against persons suspected of slaying her husband. Atty. Colorado performed his duties he interviewed witnesses to build up his case and religiously attended hearings. However, he failed to attend one hearing (allegedly because he did not receive a notice) in which the court, over Mrs. Conchu’s objections, granted bail to all the accused. Mrs. Conchu belligerently confronted Atty. Colorado about his absence. Stung by Mrs. Conchu’s words, Atty. Colorado filed with the court a “Motion to Withdraw as Counsel". The motion did not bear the consent of Mrs. Conchu, as in fact, Mrs. Conchu refused to sign her conformity to Atty. Colorado's withdrawal. Meanwhile, the hearing in the criminal case continued, but Atty. Colorado no longer appeared at the hearings nor did he contact Mrs. Conchu. Mrs. Conchu then filed a complaint seeking disciplinary sanctions against Atty. Colorado. Atty. Colorado cited “loss of confidence” and “serious differences” with the client as his reasons for withdrawing his services unilaterally. Can Atty. Colorado be sanctioned for his actions?

Carlos contracted two marriages: the first was with Consuelo, whom he left in the province, and the second was with Corinne in Manila, with whom he had six (6) children. Both women were unaware of Carlo’s marriage to the other. When Carlos entered law school, he met Cristina, a classmate, to whom he conded his marital status. Not long after, Carlos and Cristina became involved in an extramarital affair, as a result of which Carlos left Corinne and their children. During Carlos and Cristina’s senior year in law school, Consuelo passed away. After their admission to the bar, Atty. Carlos and Atty. Cristina decided to get married in Hong Kong in a very private ceremony. When Corinne learned of Carlos and Cristina’s wedding in Hong Kong, she filed a disbarment case against Atty. Carlos and Atty. Cristina on the ground of gross immorality. Atty. Carlos and Atty. Cristina raised the following defenses: a) the acts complained of took place before they were admitted to the bar; and b) Atty. Carlos’ marriage to Corinne was void ab initio due to his subsisting first marriage with Consuelo, and they were free to marry after Consuelo died. Rule on each defense.

Atty. Cornelio Carbon, 36 years of age, had always dreamed of becoming a judge, and eventually, a justice, but his legal career took a different turn. Upon graduation, he joined a government-owned financial institution where he worked in the Loans and Claims Division. He also taught Negotiable Instruments Law in a nearby law school at night. He has been active in his IBP Chapter and other law organizations. However, in his 12 years of practice, he has never done trial or litigation work. (a) Is Atty. Carbon engaged in the “practice of law”? (b) Is Atty. Carbon qualified to become a Regional Trial Court Judge?

Carina was dismissed by her employer for breach of trust and confidence, and for willful violation of company rules and policies. She filed an action for illegal dismissal claiming that her termination was without legal basis. The Labor Arbiter found that she was illegally dismissed and awarded her the amount of PhP 80 million. On appeal to the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), the award was reduced to PhP40 million as separation pay, plus PhP5 million for the value of her stock option plans which would have vested if she were not illegally dismissed from her job. Unsatised with the NLRC’s decision, she appealed to the Court of Appeals (CA) the amount of monetary award granted by the NLRC. She engaged the services of Casal, Casos and Associates to handle her appeal. Her retainer agreement with Casal, Casos and Associates provided for contingent fees equivalent to 10% of her claim for separation pay and 10% of the value of stock options to be awarded to her. The CA decision was not favorable to Carina, so she appealed the same to the Supreme Court (the Court). While the case was pending appeal with the Court, Carina entered into a compromise agreement with her employer to terminate the case upon payment to her of the full amount of PhP 40 million, less the PhP15 million previously paid to her by her employer. Before the compromise agreement was finalized, Carina terminated the services of Casal, Casos and Associates and asked them to withdraw from the case pending before the Court. The parties negotiated the compromise agreement without the participation of their lawyers since the employer imposed the condition that no lawyers should be involved in the compromise negotiation. She, together with her employer, then filed the Compromise Agreement for approval by the Court, and sought the termination of the case, with prejudice. Casal, Casos and Associates filed amotion to intervene in the case pending with the Court, praying that Carina be ordered to pay them PhP4 million, representing 10% of the amount received by Carina from her employer in settlement of the case, plus 6% legal interest from the date of filing of the motion for intervention, until fully paid. The intervenors claimed that they were dismissed without justifiable cause prior to the signing of the compromise agreement for the reason that Carina, their client, wanted to evade payment of their legal fees. Carina claimed they were dismissed because Attys. Casal and Casos, who personally handled her case, had resigned from the law firm to join the government, and because of the negligence and failure of her lawyers to attend to her case. In reply, the intervenors said that the engagement was with the law firm and not with individual lawyers. The law firm also presented letters signed by their client commending them for work done well in the case. (a) May lawyers legally charge their clients based on contingent fees? (b) Should Casal, Casos and Associates be allowed to intervene in the case pending before the Court in order to collect their fees from Carina? (c) Can Carina refuse to pay attorneys’ fees on the ground that the lawyers who personally handled her case had already resigned from the law firm with which she had contracted? (d) May Carina’s employer, defendant in this case, be held solidarily liable with Carina for the payment of the attorneys’ fees of Carina’s lawyers? (e) May the intervenors collect legal interest in addition to their attorneys’ fees?

In a complaint filed before the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) against Atty. Cirilo Celis, a senior citizen, it was shown that: a) he failed to pay his IBP dues for six (6) years; b) he indicated uniformly in his pleadings for three (3) consecutive years “IBP Muntiniupa OR No. 12345” as proof of payment of his IBP fees; and c) he did not indicate any Professional Tax Receipt number to prove payment of his professional dues. In his defense, Atty. Celis alleged that he is only engaged in a “limited” law practice, and his principal occupation, as disclosed in his income tax return, is that of a farmer of a 30- hectare orchard and pineapple farm in Camarines Sur. He also claimed that he believed in good faith that, as a senior citizen, he was exempt from payment of taxes, such as income tax, under Republic Act No. 7432 which grants senior citizens “exemption from the payment of individual income taxes provided that their annual taxable income does not exceed the poverty level as determined by the NEDA for that year.” As a member of the IBP Board of Governors, decide on the following: (a) the validity of his claim that, being engaged in a limited practice of law and being a senior citizen who is exempt from the payment of taxes, he is not required to pay his IBP and professional dues; (b) the obligations, if any, under the Rules of Court and the Code of Professional Responsibility that Atty. Celis may have violated.

The lawyer's oath is a source of any lawyer's obligations and its violation is a ground for the lawyer's suspension, disbarment, or other disciplinary action. Without stating your name and other circumstances that will identify you, sub- stantially write down the lawyer's oath that a person who has passed the bar examinations is required to take and subscribe to before the Supreme Court.

Kyle Angelo was served with summons and a copy of the complaint of Ciara Jane for collection of the amount of P1,000,000.00 as evidenced by a promissory note signed by Kyle Angelo. She alleged that the debt was overdue; and that Kyle Angelo refused to pay despite repeated demands. Kyle Angelo engaged the services of Atty. Carlos Sabit, who decided to file a motion to dismiss on the ground of lack of cause of action and prescription. Atty. Carlos Sabit drafted the motion and sent the draft to Kyle Angelo for his perusal. Kyle Angelo, being himself a law graduate, quickly noticed that the draft did not contain a notice of hearing. Draft the notice of hearing that Atty. Carlos Sabit should include in the motion to dismiss.

A. You had just taken your oath as a new lawyer. The secretary of a big university offered to get you as the university's notary public. She explained that the faculty and students would be sent to you to have their documentations and affidavits notarized; and that the arrangement would be very lucrative for you. However, the secretary wants you to share with her half of your earnings throughout the year. Will you agree to the arrangement proposed by the secretary of the university? Explain your answer. B. The plaintiff died during the pendency of the case in the RTC. If you were the counsel of the plaintiff, what is the last duty you need to discharge in behalf of the late client before your professional engagement for the case may be deemed terminated? Explain briefly your answer.

Herbert Madasalin, a 25-year old Bar candidate, surrendered his driver's license to the security guard at the Arlegui Gate when he entered the Malacañang compound to pray at the National Shrine of St. Jude Thaddeus. After praying the novena to St. Jude, Herbert went to the Arlegui Gate to retrieve his driver's license. However, he was not able to get the license because the security guard was then elsewhere. He returned the next day only to be told that the security guard had misplaced the license. The security guard concerned could not anymore remember where he had placed the license. Herbert immediately requests your assistance in the preparation of an affidavit of loss. His address is at 143 Zuzuaregui Street, Don Antonio Heights, Quezon City. As his friend, prepare Herbert's affidavit of loss.

Determine if the following advertisements by an attorney are ethical or unethical. Explain your answer. (a) A calling card, 2 inches x 2 inches in size, bearing the attorney's name in bold print, Office, residence and email addresses, telephone and facsimile numbers. A business card, 3 inches x 4 inches in size, indicating the aforementioned data with his 1-inch x 1-inch photograph. (c) A pictorial press release in a broadsheet newspaper made by the attorney showing him being congra- tulated by the president of a client corporation for winning a multi-million damage suit against the company in the Supreme Court. (d) The same press release made in a tabloid by the attorney's client. (e) A small announcement that the attorney is giving free legal advice on November 30, 2017 published in Ba//ta, a tabloid in Filipino.

Believing that an onerous transfer would result in lesser taxes than a gratuitous transfer, Nenita Villo, a widow, decided to sell her lone asset worth P3,000,000.00 to her daughters, Andrea, Carina and Carissa, all of legal age, gainfully employed and still unmarried. The asset consisted of the house and the lot registered under Transfer Certificate of Title No. 67890 of the Register of Deeds of Parañaque City and situated at No. 3156 Bayswater Street, Metro Ville Subdivision, Parañaque City where Nenita and her daughters presently resided. Nenita required her daughters to make a down payment of P1,000,000.00, and the balance to be paid once the title to the property was transferred to her daughters’ names. All the taxes, fees, and costs related to the sale would be for the account of Nenita, while those related to the transfer of title would be paid by Andrea, Carina and Carissa. Draft the contract to be executed by Nenita and her daughters in connection with the transfer of the house and lot. Omit details other than those stated in the question.

A. Pedro Tigas, a known toughie, asked Atty. Chloe to meet with him in the Jollibee Res- taurant in Harrison Plaza because he wanted to seek her legal advice on an important matter. Atty. Chloe had once before been consulted by Pedro Tigas, who had then paid her well. When they met in Jollibee Restaurant, he confided his planned assassination of Pepeng Taga, his rival for control of the neighborhood in San Andres Bukid, Manila. He wanted her to represent him should he be apprehended for the assassina- tion. Atty. Chloe did not agree, and left the restaurant in a hurry before Pedro Tigas could utter anything more. A few days afterwards, Pepeng Taga was killed near his house in San Andres Bukid, Manila. The police follow-up team arrested Pedro Tigas on the basis of testimony by at least two residents that they had heard him saying two days before the killing that Pepeng Taga would not live beyond 48 hours. Should Atty. Chloe reveal to the police investigator what Pedro Tigas had stated to her at the Jollibee Restaurant without violating the confidence of the latter as a client? Explain your answer. B. Assuming that the meeting between Pedro Tigas and Atty. Chloe in Jollibee Restaurant occurred after the killing of Pepeng Taga, and in that meeting Pedro Tigas expressly admitted to Atty. Chloe in strict confidence as his lawyer that he had shot Pepeng Taga. Is Atty. Chloe ethically bound to reveal the admission of Pedro Tigas to the police investigator what Pedro Tigas had stated to her at the Jollibee Restaurant? Explain your answer.

A. Brando & Luzon Law Office had a retainer agreement with Gregory, a businessman with shady connections. Gregory was recently charged in the RTC in Manila with money laundering in relation to an illegal drugs syndicate using Cable Co., his holding company, as its money laundering conduit. The members of the Brando & Luzon Law Office assigned to handle Gregory's account, including yourself, were implicated in the money laundering case for their role in the incorporation of Cable Co. and in the active management of its business affairs. In a bid to fortify the case against Gregory and the others, the public prosecutor approaches you (as the least guilty person who will qualify for a discharge as a state witness) and offers to make you a state witness. Should you accept the offer? Explain your answer. B. Under the facts of the preceding question, assume that you had resigned from the Brando & Luzon Law Office prior to the filing of the money laundering case against Gregory and the others, and that you were not implicated in ' the case. However, you had assisted in handling the Cobra Co. account during your time with the law firm. Cobra Co. was largely owned by Cable Co. The public prosecutor handling the case against Gregory and the others asks you, as a former member of the Brando & Luzon Law Office, to help strengthen the case for the Government, and hints that you may be implicated in the case if you do not cooperate. What is your legal and ethical course of action? Explain your answer.

Atty. Jessa was the counsel for Mr. Nolan, a cantankerous millionaire, in the latter's personal case. Soon after the case was submitted for decision, Mr. Nolan withdrew the files from Atty. Jessa and informed her that he was engaging another lawyer. On that same day, a copy of the decision in the case was received by Atty. Jessa but she did not do anything anymore with the decision. She did not also file a withdrawal of her appearance. Mr. Nolan's new counsel did not file any notice of his appearance. By the time Mr. Nolan found out about the adverse decision, his period to appeal had lapsed. Was the service of the decision on Atty. Jessa still effective? Explain your answer.

A. Alleging that Atty. Frank had seduced her when she was only 16 years old, and that she had given birth to a baby girl as a result, Malen filed a complaint for his disbarment seven years after the birth of the child charging that he was a grossly immoral person unworthy and unfit to continue in the Legal Profession. In his com- ment, Atty. Frank argued that the complaint for disbarment should be dismissed because of prescription. Explain whether or not Atty. Frank's argument is justified. B. Beth administratively charged her former lawyer, Atty. Rawet, with gross misconduct and gross ignorance of the law for the latter’s inadequate legal representation of her in her suit against her neighbor. Midway during the investigation, Beth decided to migrate to Australia. Learning about her plans, Atty. Rawet approached her and pleaded for her understanding. He was able to persuade her to execute an affidavit of desistance in respect of her administrative complaint. He submitted the affidavit of desistance to the Supreme Court, and moved to dismiss the charge against him. Will the affidavit of desistance warrant the dismissal of the administrative charge? Explain your answer.

Eva consulted Atty. Doble Kara, a well-known solo practitioner, to represent her as a probable heir to the huge estate of her late lamented grandaunt who died without issue. After Atty. Doble Kara perused the documents relevant to the estate presented by Eva, he told Eva that he could not be of help to her. A few days later, Eva learned that Atty. Doble Kara had just initiated intestate proceedings involving the same estate in the RTC, and the petitioner seeking appointment as administratrix was Mely, Eva's hostile cousin and co-heir to the estate. Eva moved to immediately disqualify Atty. Doble Kara from representing Mely on the ground of conflict of interest, but Atty. Doble Kara explained to the estate court that there was no conflict of interest because he had no lawyer-client relationship with Eva. He further indicated that Eva had not also paid him any retainer fee. Given his explanations to the estate court, may Atty. Doble Kara ethically represent Mely?

For services to be rendered by Atty. Hamilton as counsel for Gener in a civil case involving the recovery of the ownership and possession of a parcel of land with an area of 5,000 square meters, the two of them agreed on a success fee for Atty. Hamilton of P50,000.00 plus 500 square meters of the land. The trial court ultimately rendered judgment in favor of Gener, and the judgment became final and executory. After receiving P50,000.00, Atty. Hamilton demanded the transfer to him of the promised 500 square meters of the land. Instead of complying, Gener brought an admin- istrative complaint charging Atty. Hamilton with violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility and Art. 1491(5) of the Civil Code for demanding the delivery of a portion of the land subject of the litigation. Is Atty. Hamilton liable under the Code of Profes- sional Responsibility and the Civil Code? Explain your answer.

Atty. Simplicio published the following advertisement in a local newspaper: “Annulment of Marriage, Competent Attorney, Reasonable Fees, Call 221-2345." A Justice of the Supreme Court saw the advertisement and thereafter called the attention of his colleagues. The Supreme Court directed the Bar Confidant investigate the matter. When directed to explain why no disciplinary action should be taken against him for the improper advertisement, Atty. Simplicio contended that: (a) the advertisement was not improper because his name was not mentioned; and (b) he could not be subjected to disciplinary action because there was no complaint filed against him. Rule on Atty. Simplicio’s contentions.

A. Define champerty. B. Atty. Andy and Atty. Valeriano were classmates in law school. As such, they developed a close friendly relationship. They agreed that they would refer clients to each other, and whoever referred clients would receive a commission or portion of the attorney's fees. Atty. Andy referred a client to Atty. Valeriano, who charged the client P100,000.00 as initial attorney's fees. Thereafter, Atty. Valeriano sent 15% of P100,000.00, or P15,000.00, to Atty. Andy as the latter's referral fee. Explain if the agreement on the referral fee is ethical.

Atty. Anna Kirmet was one of Worry Bank's valued clients. The bank gave her a credit card with a credit limit of P250,000.00. Because of her extravagance, Atty. Kirmet exceeded her credit limit and refused to pay the monthly charges as they fell due. Hence, aside from a collection case, Worry Bank filed a disbarment case against Atty. Kirmet. In her comment on the disbarment complaint, Atty. Kirmet insisted that she did not violate the Code of Professional Responsibility because her obliga- tion to the bank was personal in nature and had no relation to her being a lawyer. Is Atty. Kirmet correct? Explain your answer briefly.

Atty. Miriam rents her office space in a building owned by Winston. Eventually, Atty. Miriam became Winston's regular legal counsel. Because of their good relationship, Atty. Miriam did not hesitate to borrow money from Winston. Atty. Miriam issued postdated checks covering the interest of her loans. Unfortunately, Atty. Miriam failed to pay her obligations to Winston. Her postdated checks with Winston also bounced. Hence, he filed a criminal case for violation of the Bouncing Checks Law against her. In her counter-affidavit, Atty. Miriam averred that Winston was “a businessman who is engaged in the real estate business, trading and buy and sell of deficiency taxed imported cars, shark loans and other shady deals and has many cases pending in court." Hurt by the allegations, Winston filed a disbar- ment complaint against Atty. Miriam arguing that her allegations in the counter-affidavit consti- tuted a breach of their confidential lawyer-client relationship. Discuss whether or not the disclosures in Atty. Miriam's counter-affidavit constitute a breach of fidelity towards her client.

A. Sancho Mahilig went to the office of Atty. Charm to engage her legal representation in the criminal case for adultery that the husband of his socialite friend had brought against him in the City Prosecutor's Office in Manila. Atty. Charm thoroughly interviewed Sancho in her office with only Linda, the secretary/steno- grapher of Atty. Charm, the only other person present. On that occasion, Sancho candidly informed Atty. Charm about his illicit affair with the socialite wife, and gave many details. Linda faithfully recorded the interview. During the trial of the criminal case for adultery, the trial prosecutor requested the court to issue a subpoena duces tecum to compel the production of the record of the interview and a subpoena ad testicandum to compel Linda to testify on the admission of the affair by Sancho. Atty. Charm objected to the request on the basis of lawyer-client confidentiality. If you were the trial judge, how will you resolve the objection of Atty. Charm? Justify your answer. B. Prosecutor Regan was designated to represent the State during the trial of an action to declare the nullity of a marriage. He realized soon enough, however, that the counsels of the parties were very competent and sincere in doing their work for their respective clients. Thus, Prosecutor Regan, mindful of his large caseload of preliminary investigations, and believing that his attendance at the trial was superfluous, decided not to attend the trial anymore so that he could devote more time to the work back in his office. Explain whether or not the decision of Prosecutor Regan to miss the trial of the action to declare the nullity of the marriage was warranted.

Pedro was accused with the crime of murder before the RTC and was found guilty of homicide. His counsel, Atty. Nestor, told him that he will file an appeal before the Court of Appeals (CA) because he believes that the claim of self-defense of Pedro will be given merit by the appellate court and that he will be acquitted. Pedro explains that he is amenable to the penalty imposed upon him. Despite the opposition of the accused, Atty. Nestor went on with the appeal. The CA decided that the conviction should be for murder in view of a qualifying circumstance. A petition with the High Court proved futile. Pedro hires you to file a disbarment suit against Atty. Nestor. What canon or rule of the CPR will you use as ground for the suit? Explain.

St. Ivan's Hospital, Inc. (St. Ivan's) and Allied Construction Co. (Allied) separately retained the legal services of Tomas and Benedicto Law Offices. St. Ivan's engaged the services of Allied for the construction of a new building but failed to pay the contract price after the completion of the works. A complaint for sum of money was filed by Atty. Budoy, a former associate of Tomas and Benedicto Law Offices, on behalf of Allied against St. Ivan's. St. Ivan's lost the case and was held liable to Allied. Thereafter, St. Ivan's filed a disbarment complaint against Atty. Budoy. It claimed that while Atty. Budoy has established his own law office, an arrangement was made whereby Tomas and Benedicto Law Offices assign cases for him to handle, and that it can be assumed that Tomas and Benedicto Law Offices collaborate with Atty. Budoy in the cases referred to him, creating a conflict of interest. Rule on the complaint with reasons.

Atty. Gail was separated from her husband, Dino, for more than ten (10) years due to incompatibility. She fell in love with Mica who was also separated from her husband. She filed a petition for the declaration of nullity of her marriage with Dino, and also a petition for the declaration of nullity of the marriage of Mica with her husband. While the cases were pending, Atty. Gail and Mica lived in their respective residences but were often seen together in parties, events and in public places. Dino filed a disbarment complaint against Atty. Gail for immorality, alleging that Atty. Gail and Mica are lovers. Decide whether Atty. Gail should be sanctioned for immorality.

City Prosecutor Phillip prosecuted the criminal case for the murder of the city mayor against the accused Reynaldo, the losing mayoralty candidate. There was no private prosecutor and Phillip personally handled the prosecution of the case from arraignment up to the presentation of the evidence for the accused. Before the trial, Alfonso approached Phillip and confessed that he is the killer of the city mayor and not Reynaldo. When the case was called for trial, Phillip manifested before the court that Alfonso approached him and admitted that he killed the mayor and asked the court for whatever proper action it may take. The counsel for the accused took advantage of the presence of Alfonso, who was placed on the witness stand and elicited testimonial evidence. The court eventually acquitted Reynaldo. The heirs of the city mayor filed a disbarment case against Phillip on the ground that it is his duty to see to it that the criminal is convicted and punished. They believe Reynaldo is the real killer and Alfonso was only a fall guy and that Reynaldo could not have been acquitted were it not for the disclosure of Phillip. Phillip argues that the City Prosecutor is not for the offended party or the heirs of the victim but it is his main duty that “justice be done.” Did Phillip commit any violation of the CPR? Explain.

Atty. Alex entered into an agreement for his legal services with Johnny where it is provided that the latter will pay him P100,000.00 as acceptance fee and P100,000.00 upon submission of the case for decision. The court granted Johnny moral damages, exemplary damages and attorney's fees of P100,000.00. After execution of the judgment, Atty. Alex kept the P100,000.00 as his attorney's fees. Johnny sued Atty. Alex for violation of the CPR claiming that the attorney's fees awarded by the court belongs to him. Decide the case with reasons.

Sonia, who is engaged in the lending business, extended to Atty. Roberto a loan of P500,000.00 with interest of P25,000.00 to be paid not later than May 20, 2016. To secure the loan, Atty. Roberto signed a promissory note and issued a postdated check. Before the due date, Atty. Roberto requested Sonia to defer the deposit of the check. When Atty. Roberto still failed to pay, Sonia deposited the check which was dishonored. Atty. Roberto ignored the notice of dishonor and refused to pay. a. Did Atty. Roberto commit any violation of the CPR? Explain. b. Can he be held civilly liable to Sonia in an administrative case for suspension or disbarment? Explain.

Atty. Dennis is the head of the Provincial DILG Office in Sultan Kudarat. In view of the lack of lawyers and notaries public in the province and because of numerous requests that the DILG provide a notary public, Atty. Dennis was constrained to apply for a commission from the RTC, which was granted. He was able to notarize thousands of documents and affidavits until Atty. Antonio, the only notary public in the province, charged Atty. Dennis with misconduct and violation of the CPR. Is the charge correct? Explain.

Jaybee engaged the services of Atty. Pete to defend him in a criminal case for murder. During trial, when the defense was presenting its evidence, Jaybee admitted to Atty. Pete that he killed the victim in the case. Atty. Pete withdrew from the case. Jaybee sued Atty. Pete for disbarment alleging that the latter violated Canon 15 of the CPR that “a lawyer shall observe candor, fairness and loyalty in all his dealings and transactions with his client" and Canon 17 of the CPR that “a lawyer owes fidelity to the cause of his client and he shall be mindful of the trust and confidence reposed in him." Rule on the case and explain.

George, an American citizen doing business in the Philippines, bought a lot in Manila and secured the services of Atty. Henry for the execution of the required documents. Atty. Henry prepared a Deed of Sale of Land using the name of George's friend, Pete, as the buyer. In order to protect George's interests and ensure his free and undisturbed use of the property for an indefinite period of time, Atty. Henry also prepared a Counter Deed of Sale and Occupancy Agreement signed by Pete in favor of George. A competitor of George filed a complaint for disbarment against Atty. Henry on the ground that he violated the Constitution and the CPR. Rule on the complaint and explain.

Atty. Harold wrote in the Philippine Star his view that the decision of the Supreme Court in a big land case is incorrect and should be re-examined. The decision is not yet final. Atty. Alfonso, the counsel for the winning party in that case, filed a complaint for disbarment against Atty. Harold for violation of the sub judice rule and Canon 11 of the CPR that a lawyer shall observe and maintain the respect due to the courts. Explain the sub judice rule and rule on the disbarment case.

Atty. Tristan filed a motion to disqualify Judge Robert from hearing a civil case on the ground that the latter was the classmate and fraternity brother of Atty. Mark, Atty. Tristan's opposing counsel. Judge Robert denied the motion on the ground that under Rule 3.12 of the Code of Judicial Conduct, he is not required to inhibit in all cases where his classmates and fraternity brothers are participating lawyers in cases before him. Is Judge Robert correct in denying the motion?

Andrew engaged the services of Atty. Juju under a contingent fee agreement to help him file a complaint for damages against his employer, Wilkon Shipping, Inc. Atty. Juju handled Andrew's case for two (2) years before the Labor Arbiter and the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), filing the necessary pleadings and attending several hearings. The complaint, however, was dismissed. To improve his chances, Andrew replaced Atty. Juju with Atty. Jen, who eventually succeeded in getting a favorable decision from the Court of Appeals, which became final. When Andrew's claims were satisfied by Wilkon, Atty. Juju filed a collection suit against him claiming that he (Atty. Juju) is entitled to attorney's fees for the services he rendered for two (2) years. Will the collection suit prosper? Explain.

Constantino was accused of estafa by Hazel, the wife of Judge Andres, for misappropriating the ring she entrusted to him. Since Judge Andres was present when Hazel handed the ring to Constantino, he was compelled by his wife to testify as a witness for the prosecution in the criminal case. Did the judge commit any violation of the New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary? Explain.

a. A sign was posted at the building where the law office of Atty. Redentor Walang-Talo is located. The sign reads: Atty. Redentor A. Walang-Talo Chairman, IBP Legal Aid Committee Makati City IBP Chapter Free conciliation, mediation and court representation Suite 210, Galaxy Building, J. P. Rizal Street, Makati City Does the posting constitute solicitation? b. Suppose the sign reads: Atty. Redentor A. Walang-Talo Attorney and Counselor-at-Law General Practitioner (Accepts pro bono cases pursuant to the IBP Legal Aid Program) Does the posting constitute solicitation?

Differentiate “retaining lien" from “charging lien.”

State at least five (5) instances where judges should disqualify themselves from participating in any proceedings where their impartiality might reasonably be questioned.

State the duties of a lawyer imposed by the Lawyer's Oath.

Jojo, a resident of Cavite, agreed to purchase the lot owned by Tristan, a resident of Bulacan. Atty. Agaton, Jojo's lawyer who is also a notary public, prepared the Deed of Sale and Jojo signed the document in Cavite. Atty. Agaton then went to Bulacan to get the signature of Tristan. Thereafter, Atty. Agaton went back to his office in Cavite where he notarized the Deed of Sale. Is the notarization legal and valid? Explain.

Arthur hired Atty. Jojo to file a complaint for the collection of P500,000.00. He agreed to pay Atty. Jojo the amounts of P100,000.00 as acceptance fee and P100,000.00 as success fee. Arthur paid P50,000.00 as partial payment of the acceptance fee with the promise to pay the balance of P50,000.00 after presentation of Arthur's evidence. During the pre-trial, the defendant paid to Atty. Jojo the amount of P100,000.00 as partial payment of his debt. Considering that he has not yet been paid of the balance of his acceptance fee, Atty. Jojo applied P50,000.00 to the balance of the acceptance fee and the remaining P50,000.00 was deposited in his bank account for safekeeping. Despite the lapse of one (1) month, Arthur was not informed of the payment. Arthur sued Atty. Jojo for keeping the money and argues that the latter violated the rules under Canon 16 of the CPR that a lawyer shall hold in trust all monies of his client that may come into his possession. Atty. Jojo claims he has a lien on the monies paid to him by the defendant. Rule on the complaint and explain.

Apollo hired Atty. Dennis to file an action for damages. Since Apollo has no money, he entered into a contingent fee agreement where Atty. Dennis will shoulder all expenses of litigation and will not charge for legal services. In case of a favorable decision, Apollo agreed to transfer to his lawyer a lot in Cebu. Eventually, Apollo won the case. Atty. Dennis asked Apollo to execute the deed of sale, but the latter refused upon advice of a friend that the agreement is illegal. Due to threats of legal action by his lawyer, Apollo filed a complaint before the Supreme Court alleging that the agreement is a champertous contract. Rule on the legality of the agreement on contingent fee and the propriety of getting the property of Apollo. Explain.

What are the grounds for disbarment or suspension from office of an attorney? b. If Atty. Babala is also admitted as an attorney in a foreign jurisdiction, what is the effect of his disbarment or suspension by a competent court or other disciplinary authority in said foreign jurisdiction to his membership in the Philippine Bar?

Give three instances when a lawyer is allowed to withdraw his/her services.

Atty. Luna Tek maintains an account in the social media network called Twitter and has 1,000 followers there, including fellow lawyers and some clients. Her Twitter account is public so even her non-followers could see and read her posts, which are called tweets. She oftentimes takes to Twitter to vent about her daily sources of stress like traffic or to comment about current events. She also tweets her disagreement and disgust with the decisions of the Supreme Court by insulting and blatantly cursing the individual Justices and the Court as an institution. a. Does Atty. Luna Tek act in a manner consistent with the Code of Professional Responsibility? Explain the reasons for your answer. b. Describe the relationship between a lawyer and the courts.

Jon served as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of PBB Cars, Inc. (PBB), a family-owned corporation engaged in the buying and selling of second hand cars. Atty. Teresa renders legal services to PBB on a retainer basis. In 2010, Jon engaged Atty. Teresa's services for a personal case. Atty. Teresa represented Jon in a BP Blg. 22 case filed against him by the spouses Yuki. Jon paid a separate legal fee for Atty. Teresa's services. Jon subsequently resigned as CEO of PBB in 2011. In 2012, Atty. Teresa filed on behalf of PBB a complaint for replevin and damages against Jon to recover the car PBB had assigned to him as a service vehicle. Atty. Teresa, however, had not yet withdrawn as Jon's counsel of record in the BP Blg. 22 case, which was still then pending. Jon filed an administrative case for disbarment against Atty. Teresa for representing conflicting interests and violating the Code of Professional Responsibility. Atty. Teresa countered that since the BP Blg. 22 case and the replevin case are unrelated and involved different issues, parties, and subject matters, there was no conflict of interest and she acted within the bounds of legal ethics. Is Atty. Teresa's contention tenable? Explain.

Identify and briefly explain three of the canons under the New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary.

In a land registration case before Judge Lucio, the petitioner is represented by the second cousin of Judge Lucio's wife. a. Differentiate between compulsory and voluntary disqualification and determine if Judge Lucio should disqualify himself under either circumstance. b. If none of the parties move for his disqualification, may Judge Lucio proceed with the case?

An anonymous letter addressed to the Supreme Court was sent by one Malcolm X, a concerned citizen, complaining against Judge Hambog, Presiding Judge of the RTC of Mahangin City, Branch 7. Malcolm X reported that Judge Hambog is acting arrogantly in court; using abusive and inappropriate language; and embarrassing and insulting parties, witnesses, and even lawyers appearing before him. Attached to the letter were pages from transcripts of records in several cases heard before Judge Hambog, with Judge Hambog's arrogant, abusive, inappropriate, embarrassing and/or insulting remarks or comments highlighted. a. Will the Court take cognizance of the letter-complaint even coming from an anonymous source? Explain. b. Describe briefly the procedure followed when giving due course to a complaint against an RTC judge.

Maria and Atty. Evangeline met each other and became good friends at zumba class. One day, Maria approached Atty. Evangeline for legal advice. It turned out that Maria, a nurse, previously worked in the Middle East. So she could more easily leave for work abroad, she declared in all her documents that she was still single. However, Maria was already married with two children. Maria again had plans to apply for work abroad but this time, wished to have all her papers in order. Atty. Evangeline, claiming that she was already overloaded with other cases, referred Maria's case to another lawyer. Maria found it appalling that after Atty. Evangeline had learned of her secrets, the latter refused to handle her case. Maria's friendship with Atty. Evangeline permanently turned sour after Maria filed an administrative case against the latter for failing to return borrowed jewelry. Atty. Evangeline, on the other hand, threatened to charge Maria with a criminal case for falsification of public documents, based on the disclosures Maria had earlier made to Atty. Evangeline. a. Was the consultation of Maria with Atty. Evangeline considered privileged? b. What are the factors to establish the existence of attorney-client privilege?

a. What is the best form of advertising possible for a lawyer? b. What are the allowable or permissible forms of advertising by a lawyer?

Atty. Belinda appeared as counsel for accused Popoy in a case being heard before Judge Tadhana. After Popoy was arraigned, Atty. Belinda moved for a resetting of the pre-trial conference. This visibly irked Judge Tadhana and so before Atty. Belinda could finish her statement, Judge Tadhana cut her off by saying that if she was not prepared to handle the case, then he could easily assign a counsel de oficio for Popoy. Judge Tadhana also uttered that Atty. Belinda was wasting the precious time of the court. Atty. Belinda tried to explain that she was capable of handling the case but before she could finish her explanation, Judge Tadhana again cut her off and accused her of always making excuses for her incompetence. Judge Tadhana even declared that he did not care if Atty. Belinda filed a thousand administrative cases against him. According to Atty. Belinda, Judge Tadhana had also humiliated her like that in the past for the flimsiest of reasons. Even Atty. Belinda's clients were not spared from Judge Tadhana's wrath as he often scolded witnesses who failed to respond immediately to questions asked of them on the witness stand. Atty. Belinda filed an administrative case against Judge Tadhana. Do the acts of Judge Tadhana as described above constitute a violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct? Explain.

The spouses Manuel were the registered owners of a parcel of land measuring about 200,000 square meters. On May 4, 2008, the spouses Manuel sold the land for P3,500,000.00 to the spouses Rivera who were issued a certificate of title for said land in their names. Because the spouses Rivera failed to pay the balance of the purchase price for the land, the spouses Manuel, through Atty. Enriquez, instituted an action on March 18, 2010 before the Regional Trial Court (RTC) for sum of money and/or annulment of sale, docketed as Civil Case No. 1111. The complaint in Civil Case No. 1111 specifically alleged that Atty. Enriquez would be paid P200,000.00 as attorney's fees on a contingency basis. The RTC subsequently promulgated its decision upholding the sale of the land to the spouses Rivera. Atty. Enriquez timely filed an appeal on behalf of the spouses Manuel before the Court of Appeals. The appellate court found for the spouses Manuel, declared the sale of the land to the spouses Rivera null and void, and ordered the cancellation of the spouses Rivera's certificate of title for the land. The Supreme Court dismissed the spouses Rivera's appeal for lack of merit. With the finality of judgment in Civil Case No. 1111 on October 20, 2014, Atty. Enriquez filed a motion for the issuance of a writ of execution. Meanwhile, the spouses Rivera filed on November 10, 2014 before the RTC a case for quieting of title against the spouses Manuel, docketed as Civil Case No. 2222. The spouses Manuel, again through Atty. Enriquez, filed a motion to dismiss Civil Case No. 2222 on the ground of res judicata given the final judgment in Civil Case No. 1111. Pending the resolution of the motion to dismiss in Civil Case No. 2222, the RTC granted on February 9, 2015 the motion for issuance of a writ of execution in Civil Case No. 1111 and placed the spouses Manuel in possession of the land. Atty. Enriquez, based on a purported oral agreement with the spouses Manuel, laid claim to 1/2 of the land, measuring 100,000.00 square meters with market value of P1,750,000.00, as his "attorney's fees. Atty. Enriquez caused the subdivision of the land in two equal portions and entered into the half he appropriated for himself. Based on the professional and ethical standards for lawyers, may Atty. Enriquez claim 1/2 of the land as his contingency fee? Why?

a. Explain the doctrine of quantum meruit in determining the amount of attorney's fees. b. Identify the factors to be considered in determining attorney's fees on a quantum meruit basis.

Atty. Billy, a young associate in a medium-sized law firm, was in a rush to meet the deadline for filing his appellant's brief. He used the internet for legal research by typing keywords on his favorite search engine, which led him to many websites containing text of Philippine jurisprudence. None of these sites was owned or maintained by the Supreme Court. He found a case he believed to be directly applicable to his client's cause, so he copied the text of the decision from the blog of another law firm, and pasted the text to the document he was working on. The formatting of the text he had copied was lost when he pasted it to the document, and he could not distinguish anymore which portions were the actual findings or rulings of the Supreme Court, and which were quoted portions from the other sources that were used in the body of the decision. Since his deadline was fast approaching, he decided to just make it appear as if every word he quoted was part of the ruling of the Court, thinking that it would not be discovered. k Atty. Billy's opponent, Atty. Ally, a very conscientious former editor of her school's law journal, noticed many discrepancies in Atty. Billy's supposed quotations from the Supreme Court decision when she read the text of the case from her copy of the PhUippine Reports. Atty. Billy failed to reproduce the punctuation marks and font sizes used by the Court. Worse, he quoted the arguments of one party as presented in the case, which arguments happened to be favorable to his position, and not the ruling or reasoning of the Court, but this distinction was not apparent in his brief. Appalled, she filed a complaint against him. a. Did Atty. Billy fail in his duty as a lawyer? What rules did he violate, if any? b. How should lawyers quote a Supreme Court decision?

Engr. Gilbert referred his friends, spouses Richard and Cindy Maylupa, to Atty. Jane for the institution of an action for partition of the estate of Richard's deceased father. In a letter, Atty. Jane promised to give Engr. Gilbert a commission equivalent to 15% of the attorney's fees she would receive from the spouses Maylupa. Atty. Jane, however, failed to pay Engr. Gilbert the promised commission despite already terminating the action for partition and receiving attorney's fees amounting to about P600,000.00. Engr. Gilbert repeatedly demanded payment of his commission but Atty. Jane ignored him. May Atty. Jane professionally or ethically promise a commission to Engr. Gilbert? Explain.

Cite some of the characteristics of the legal profession which distinguish it from business.

Casper Solis graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree from Achieve University in 2000 and took and passed the bar examinations given that same year. Casper passed the bar examinations and took the Attorney's Oath together with other successful bar examinees on March 19, 2001 at the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC). He was scheduled to sign the Roll of Attorneys on May 24, 2001 but he misplaced the Notice to Sign the Roll of Attorneys sent by the Office of the Bar Confidant after he went home to the province for a vacation. Since taking his oath in 2001, Casper had been employed by several law firms and private corporations, mainly doing corporate and taxation work. When attending a seminar as part of his Mandatory Continuing Legal Education in 2003, Casper was unable to provide his roll number. Seven years later in 2010, Casper filed a Petition praying that he be allowed to sign the Roll of Attorneys. Casper alleged good faith, initially believing that he had already signed the Roll before entering PICC for his oath-taking on March 19, 2001. A. Can Casper already be considered a member of the Bar and be allowed to use the title of "attorney"? Explain. B. Did Casper commit any professional or ethical transgression for which he could be held administratively liable? C. Will you grant Casper's Petition to belatedly sign the Roll of Attorneys? Why?

Judge Ana P. Sevillano had an issue with the billings for the post-paid cellular phone services of her 16-year-old daughter for the last three consecutive months. Although Judge Sevillano had been repeatedly calling the Customer Service Hotline of Universal Telecoms, the billings issue was never fully settled to Judge Sevillano's satisfaction. Finally, Judge Sevillano wrote the National Telecommunications Commission a letter of complaint against Universal Telecoms, using her official court stationery and signing the letter as "Judge Ana P. Sevillano." Did Judge Sevillano violate any professional or ethical standard for judges? Justify your answer.

The Lawyer's Oath is a source of obligation and its violation is a ground for suspension, disbarment, or other disciplinary action. State in substance the Lawyer's Oath.

In open court, accused Marla manifested that she had already settled in full the civil aspect of the criminal case filed against her in the total amount of P58,000.00. Marla further alleged that she paid directly to private complainant Jasmine the amount of P25,000.00. The balance of P33,000.00 was delivered to Atty. Jeremiah, Jasmine's lawyer, evidenced by a receipt signed by Atty. Jeremiah himself. However, Jasmine manifested that she did not receive the amount of P33,000.00 which Marla turned over to Atty. Jeremiah. Despite Jasmine's requests to turn over the money, Atty. Jeremiah failed to do so. It was only after Jasmine already filed an administrative complaint against Atty. Jeremiah that the latter finally paid the P33,000.00 to the former, but in three installment payments of P11,000.00 each. Atty. Jeremiah claimed that he decided to hold on to the P33,000.00 at first because Jasmine had not yet paid his attorney's fees. Is Atty. Jeremiah administratively liable? Explain.

Atty. Javier sold a piece of land in favor of Gregorio for P2,000,000.00. Atty. Javier drafted the Deed of Sale with Right to Repurchase which he and Gregorio signed on August 12, 2002. Under said Deed, Atty. Javier represented that he had "the perfect right to dispose as owner in fee simple" the land and that the land is "free from all liens and encumbrances." The Deed also stated that Atty. Javier had two years within which to repurchase the property. Atty. Javier turned over the owner's copy of his certificate of title, TCT No. 12121, to Gregorio. Gregorio then immediately took possession of the land. Atty. Javier failed to exercise his right to repurchase within two years. Gregorio sent Atty. Javier a letter dated April 8, 2005 demanding that the latter already repurchase the property. Despite receipt of Gregorio's letter, Atty. Javier still failed to repurchase the property. Gregorio remained in peaceful possession of the land until July 25, 2013, when he received notice from Trustworthy Bank informing him that the land was mortgaged to said bank, that the bank already foreclosed on the land, and that Gregorio should therefore vacate the land. Upon investigation, Gregorio discovered that Atty. Javier's TCT No. 12121 had already been cancelled when another bank foreclosed on a previous mortgage on the land, but after a series of transactions, Atty. Javier was able to reacquire the land and secure TCT No. 34343 for the same. With TCT No. 34343, Atty. Javier constituted another mortgage on the land in favor of Trustworthy Bank on February 22, 2002. Gregorio was subsequently dispossessed of the property. Gregorio filed an administrative complaint against Atty. Javier. In his defense, Atty. Javier argued that he could not be held administratively liable as there was no attorney-client relationship between him and Gregorio. Moreover, the transaction was not actually one of sale with right to repurchase, but one of equitable mortgage, wherein he still had the legal right to mortgage the land to other persons. a. If you are tasked to investigate and report on Gregorio's administrative complaint against Atty. Javier, what will be your recommendation and finding? b. In the same administrative case, may Atty. Javier be ordered to return the P2,000,000.00 purchase price to Gregorio? Explain.

Define the following terms: a. counsel de oficio b. counsel de parte c. amicus curiae d. attorney of record

a. Describe briefly the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) for a member of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines and the purpose of the same. b. Name three parties exempted from the MCLE.

Judge Junior attended the 50th birthday party of his fraternity brother, Atty. Vera. Also present at the party was Atty. Rico who was Atty. Vera's classmate way back in high school and who was handling Civil Case No. 5555 currently pending before Judge Junior's court. Well-aware that Atty. Rico had a case before his sala, Judge Junior still sat next to Atty. Rico at a table, and the two conversed with each other, and ate and drank together throughout the night. Since Atty. Vera was a well-known personality, his birthday party was featured in a magazine. The opposing party to Atty. Rico's client in Civil Case No. 5555, while flipping through the pages of the magazine, came upon the pictures of Judge Junior and Atty. Rico together at the party and used said pictures as bases for instituting an administrative case against Judge Junior. Judge Junior, in his answer, reasoned that he attended Atty. Vera's party in his private capacity, that he had no control over who Atty. Vera invited to the party, and that he and Atty. Rico never discussed Civil Case No. 5555 during the party. Did Judge Junior commit an administrative infraction? Explain.

Cecilio is one of the 12 heirs of his father Vicente, who owned an agricultural land located in Bohol. Cecilio filed a complaint charging Judge Love Koto with abuse of discretion and authority for preparing and notarizing a document entitled "Extra-Judicial Partition with Simultaneous Deed of Sale" executed by Cecilio's mother Divina and brother Jose. Jose signed the Deed on his own behalf and purportedly also on behalf of his brothers and sisters, including Cecilio. Cecilio though alleged that in his Special Power of Attorney, he merely granted Jose the authority to mortgage said agricultural land but not to partition, much less to sell the same. Judge Koto contended that in a municipality where a notary public is unavailable, a municipal judge is allowed to notarize documents or deeds as ex officio notary public. He claimed that he acted in good faith and only wanted to help. Did Judge Koto violate any rules? Discuss.

A person named and appointed by the court to defend an absentee defendant in the suit in which the appointment is made is an: (A) attorney-in-fact (B) attorney ad hoc (C) attorney de oficio

M engaged the services of Atty. D to prosecute his annulment of marriage case in the Regional Trial Court (RTC). After a long-drawn trial, Atty. D was able to secure a favourable judgment from the court. Unfortunately, M has failed to pay in full the stipulated attorney's fees of Atty. D. How can Atty. D collect his fees from M? Discuss fully.

A inherited parcel of land situated in Batasan Hills which is occupied by informal settlers. He wanted to eject the occupants, but he has no financial means to pursue the ejectment case. He contracted the services of Atty. B, who agreed to defray all the expenses of the suit on the condition that he will be paid one-half (1/2) of the property to be recovered as his compensation. What is this kind of attorney's fees? Can Atty. B enforce this contract against A? What are the respective remedies relative to the collection of attorney's fees, if any, of A and Atty. B against each other?

A judge who insults counsel and shouts invectives at a litigant is guilty of: (A) serious misconduct (B) committing acts unbecoming of a judge (C) manifest bias and partiality

Judge A accepted a gift consisting of assorted canned goods other grocery items from his compadre whose friend has a pending case with him. He accepted the gift just so as not to embarrass his compadre. When his compadre left his chambers, he asked his secretary to donate the gift he received to the victims of Typhoon Yolanda. Did the judge cross the ethical line? Explain your answer.

Atty. M is a partner in the law firm OMP & Associates. C, a former classmate of Atty. M engaged the legal services of Atty. M to handle his appeal to the Court of Appeals (CA) from an adverse decision of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) in his annulment case. After the notice to file brief was issued by the CA, Atty. M met an accident which incapacitated him from further engaging law practice. May Atty. P, his partner in the law firm, file the required appeal brief for C? Explain your answer.

C and D are law partners using the firm name C and D - Attorneys-at-Law. In an administrative case filed against C, the Supreme Court (SC) found that C was not entitled to admission to the practice of law in the Philippines and ordered his name stricken-off from the Roll of Attorneys. As a result, C and D changed their firm name to Law Office of D — Attorney-at-Law, C — Counselor, with C handling purely counselling and office work while D is the law practitioner. Are C and D liable for contempt of the court? Explain your answer.

The court ordered Atty. Z to testify as a witness for his client in the very case he is handling, but he refused on the ground that it would violate the rule on privileged communication. Atty. Z is guilty of: (A) direct contempt (B) indirect contempt (C) violation of his duty to the court

Atty. D was required by Judge H of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Manila to show cause why he should not be punished for contempt of court for shouting invectives at the opposing counsel and harassing his witness. Assuming that there was sufficient cause or ground, may Judge H suspend Atty. D from the practice of law? If Judge H finds that the actuations of Atty. D are grossly unethical and unbecoming of a member of the bar, may Judge H disbar Atty. D instead? Explain your answer.

A. Can a lawyer who lacks the number of units required by the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) Board continue to practice his profession? B. May a lawyer be held liable for damages by his clients for the lawyer's failure to file the necessary pleadings to prosecute the client's case and as a result of which the client suffered damages? C. Can a lawyer still practice his profession despite having arrears in his Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) dues?

If a lawyer volunteers his free legal service to a poor client, (A) a lawyer-client relationship is established between them (B) he is bound to serve his poor client with the same degree of competence, fidelity, and diligence as his paying client (C) he is not justified to neglect the cause of his client for the client's inability to defray the costs of court litigation

Atty. Forma is a member of the Philippine Bar. He went to New York City, took the New York State Bar, and passed the same. He then practice in New York City. One of his American clients filed a case for disbarment against him for pocketing the money which was entrusted to him as payment for the filing fee and other incidental expenses for his damage suit. Atty. Forma was later disbarred for dishonesty. Disheartened, Atty. Forma came back to the Philippines and practiced as a lawyer. Will his disbarment in New York be used against him for purposes of disbarment proceeding here in the Philippines?

Atty. C was hired by D to file an action against E for recovery of possession of real property. In their contract of service, they stipulated that D cannot compromise the case without the consent of Atty. C. After trial and unknown to Atty. C, D entered into a compromise with E. Atty. C withdrew from the case and collected from D: (A) his attorney's fees under their contract (B) his attorney's fees based on quantum meruit (C) nothing by way of attorney's fees

The rendition of free legal service is a lawyer's: (A) moral duty (B) social obligation (C) legal mandate

A. If an attorney has been granted by his client full authority to enter into an amicable settlement with the other party, may the client later on refuse to honor the amicable settlement forged by this attorney? Explain. B. In such instance as in (A) above, can the lawyer withdraw from the case and collect in full his contracted attorney's fees? Why or why not?

Judge A has an illicit relationship with B, his Branch Clerk of Court. C, the wife of Judge A, discovered the illicit affair and consulted a lawyer to vindicate her violated marital rights. If you were that lawyer, what would you advice C, and if she agrees and asks you to proceed to take action, what is the legal procedure that you should follow? Discuss fully.

A. May an attorney talk to his witnesses before and during the trial? Explain. B. In case of postponement of the trial, whose decision should prevail — the client or his attorney? Explain the governing rule.

[Question text not recovered — dropped in the OCR of the source compilation. The item concerns a client’s right to engage a collaborating counsel and the original counsel’s options; the preserved suggested answer follows.]

Justice B of the Court of Appeals (CA) was a former Regional Trial Court (RTC) Judge. A case which he heard as a trial judge was raffled off to him. The appellant sought his disqualification from the case but he refused on the ground that he was not the judge who decided the case as he was already promoted to the appellate court before he could decide the case. Was the refusal of Justice B to refuse from the case proper? Explain your answer.

R is retained counsel of ABC Bank-Ermita Branch. One day, his Balikbayan Compadre B, consulted him about his unclaimed deposits with the said branch of ABC Bank, which the bank had refused to give to him claiming that the account had become dormant. R agreed to file a case against the bank with the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Manila. B lost the case, but upon the advice of R, he no longer appealed the decision. B later discovered that R was the retained counsel of ABC Bank-Ermita Branch. Does B have any remedy? Discuss the legal and ethical implications of the problem.

Judge A is a close friend of Governor G. On several occasions, Judge A would borrow vehicles from the office of the Governor to travel to his judicial stations. Judge A's actuation: (A) violates the Canon on Propriety (B) creates an appearance of an improper connection with the executive branch (C) is downright unethical

The Code of Professional Responsibility is the code of conduct for: (A) members of the Bench (B) members of the Bar (C) members of the Bench and the Bar

B hired Atty. Z to file a replevin case against C for an agreed acceptance fee of P30,000.00 which was evidence by a written contract. After the complaint was filed by Atty. Z, B terminated his services and hired a new lawyer for the same amount of attorney's fees. How much attorney's fees, is Atty. Z entitled to?

A is accused of robbery in a complaint filed by B. A sought free legal assistance from the Public Attorney's Office (PAO) and Atty. C was assigned to handle his case. After reviewing the facts as stated in the complaint and as narrated by A, Atty. C is convinced that A is guilty. a. May Atty. C. refuse to handle the defense of A and ask to be relieved? Explain. Fully. b. In problem (A), if the lawyer is counsel de parte for the accused and he learns later after accepting the case and while trial is ongoing that his client was indeed the perpetrator of the crime, may the lawyer withdraw his appearance from the case? Why or why not?

After the pre-trial of a civil case for replevin, Judge D advised B's counsel to settle the case because according to Judge D, his initial assessment of the case shows that B's evidence is weak. A. Did Judge D commit an act of impropriety? Explain B. What remedy or remedies may be taken by B's lawyer against Judge D? Discuss Fully.

The Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) may intervene in a case involving a matter of public law or professional concern as: (A) friend of the court (B) amicus par excellence (C) amicus curiae

Judge Clint Braso is hearing a case between Mr. Timothy and Khristopher Company, a company where his wife used to work as one of its Junior Executives for several years. Doubting the impartiality of the Judge, Mr. Timothy filed a motion to inhibit Judge Clint Braso. Judge Clint Braso refused on the ground that his wife has long resigned from the company. Decide.

A person who has been refused admission to the bar by order of the Supreme Court but nonetheless attempts to practice law is guilty of: (A) direct contempt (B) indirect contempt (C) criminal attempt

Will a lawyer violate the Code of Professional Responsibility if he forms a partnership with professionals of other disciplines like doctors, engineers, architects or accountants? Explain your answer.

Atty. Bravo represents Carlos Negar (an insurance agent for Dormir Insurance Co.) in a suit filed by insurance claimant Andy Limot who also sued Dormir Insurance. The insurance policy requires the insured/claimant to give a written notice to the insurance company or its agent within 60 days from the occurrence of the loss. Limot testified during the trial that he had mailed the notice of the loss to the insurance agent, but admitted that he lost the registry receipt so that he did not have any documentary evidence of the fact of mailing and of the timeliness of the mailed notice. Dormir Insurance denied liability, contending that timely notice had not been given either to the company or its agent. Atty. Bravo's client, agent Negar, testified and confirmed that he never received any notice. A few days after Negar testified, he admitted to Atty. Bravo that he had lied when he denied receipt of Limot’s notice; he did receive the notice by mail but immediately shredded it to defeat Limot’s claim. If you were Atty. Bravo, what would you do in light of your client's (Carlos Negar's) disclosure that he perjured himself when he testified? (8%)

Wanda finally became pregnant in the 10th year of her marriage to Horacio. As her pregnancy progressed, she started having difficulty breathing and was easily fatigued. The doctors diagnosed that she has a heart congestion problem due to a valve defect, and that her chances of carrying a baby to full term are slim. Wanda is scared and contemplates the possibility of abortion. She thus sought legal advice from Diana, a lawyer-friend and fellow church member, who has been informally advising her on legal matters. What is Diana's best ethical response? (A) Beg off from giving any advice because it is a situation that is not purely legal. (B) Advise Wanda on the purely legal side of her problem and assure her that abortion (C) Advise that it is a religious problem before it is a medical or legal one, and Wanda should consult and follow the advice of her religious confessor. (D) Advise Wanda that abortion, above everything else, is a moral problem and she should only have an abortion if it is an act she can live with. (E) Refrain from giving any kind of advice as abortion is a serious matter that cannot be resolved through informal consultations with friends and fellow church members.

A Regional Trial Court issues a temporary restraining order (TRO) halting the demolition order issued by the City Mayor who has long loathed the cluster of shanties put up by informal settlers along the road leading to the city's commercial district. The TRO, however, carried conditions that must be in place before the threatened demolition can be fully halted. The city legal officer advised the City Engineer's Office and the local PNP chief that the TRO's conditions are not in place so that the demolition could proceed. The city filed a manifestation reflecting the city legal officer's position, while the informal settlers' counsel sought its own clarification and reconsideration from the court, which responded by decreeing that the conditions have been fulfilled. Despite this ruling, the city legal officer insisted that the conditions have not been fulfilled and thus gave the PNP clearance to aid the City Engineer's Office in proceeding with the demolition. From the perspective of professional ethics, how would you characterize the City Legal Officer's actions? (A) It is unethical since he counseled civil servants to disregard a court order. (B) It is ethical, since he acted in accordance with his honest conviction after considering that the court's conditions have not been met. (C) It constitutes indirect contempt, but the lawyer cannot be disciplined because he acted out of his firm and honest conviction. (D) It is neither contemptuous nor unethical since he was performing his duties as city legal officer. (E) It is unethical since the City Legal Officer was simply blindly following the Mayor's wishes.

Atty. Hermano requested his fraternity brother, Judge Patron, to introduce him to Judge Apestado, before whom he has a case that had been pending for sometime. Judge Patron, a close friend of Judge Apestado, acceded to the request, telling the latter that Atty. Hermano is his fraternity “brod" and that Atty. Hermano simply wanted to ask for advice on how to expedite the resolution of his case. They met, as arranged, in the fine dining restaurant of a five-star hotel. Atty. Hermano hosted the dinner. Did Atty. Hermano, Judge Patron and Judge Apestado commit any ethical/administrative violation for which they can be held liable? (8%)

The mediator assigned to a civil case happens to be your law school classmate and he makes a doctrinal statement about the rights of the parties. You knew that the statement, although favorable to your client's case, is incorrect. The ethical move to make under the circumstances is to ___. (A) correct the mediator and state the right doctrine (B) just keep quiet because the other counsel might learn about your relationship with the mediator (C) reveal your relationship with the mediator and ask the opposing counsel if he has any objections (D) request the Mediation Supervisor to immediately change the mediator (E) simply withdraw from the case because of the unfair advantage that you enjoy

As a new lawyer, Attorney Novato started with a practice limited to small claims cases, legal counseling, and notarization of documents. He put up a solo practice law office and was assisted by his wife who served as his secretary/helper. He used a makeshift hut in a vacant lot near the local courts and a local transport regulatory agency. With this strategic location, he enjoyed heavy patronage assisting walk-in clients in the preparation and filing of pleadings and in the preparation and notarization of contracts and documents. He had the foresight of investing in a good heavy-duty copier machine that reproduces quality documents, and charges a reasonable fee for this service. He draws electric power from an extension wire connected to an adjoining small restaurant. He put up a shingle that reads: “Atty. Novato, Specialist in Small Claims, Fastest in Notarization; the Best and Cheapest in Copier Services." Is Attorney Novato’s manner of carrying out his professional practice — i.e., mixing business with the practice of law, announcing his activities via a shingle and locating his office as above-described — in keeping with appropriate ethical and professional practice? (8%)

Atty. Serafin Roto is the Corporate Secretary of a construction corporation that has secured a multi-million infrastructure project from the government. In the course of his duties as corporate secretary, he learned from the company president that the corporation had resorted to bribery to secure the project and had falsified records to cut implementing costs after the award of the project. The government filed a civil action to annul the infrastructure contract and has subpoenaed Atty. Roto to testify against the company president and the corporation regarding the bribery. Atty. Roto moved to quash the subpoena, asserting that lawyer-client privilege prevents him from testifying against the president and the corporation. Resolve the motion to quash. (8%)

Miguel Jactar, a fourth-year law student, drove his vehicle recklessly and hit the rear bumper of Simplicio Medroso's vehicle. Instead of stopping, Jactar accelerated and sped away. Medroso pursued Jactar and caught up with him at an intersection. In their confrontation, Jactar dared Medroso to sue, bragged about his connections with the courts, and even uttered veiled threats against Medroso. During the police investigation that followed, Medroso learned that Jactar was reviewing for the Bar examinations. Under these facts, list and justify the potential objections that can be made against Jactar’s admission to the practice of law. (8%)

Atty. Doblar represents Eva in a contract suit against Olga. He is also defending Marla in a substantially identical contract suit filed by Emma. In behalf of Eva, Atty. Doblar claims that the statute of limitations runs from the time of the breach of the contract. In the action against Marla, Atty. Doblar now argues the reverse position — i.e., that the statute of limitation does not run until one year after discovery of the breach. Both cases are assigned to Judge Elrey. Although not the sole issue in the two cases, the statute of limitations issue is critical in both. Is there an ethical/professional responsibility problem in this situation? If a problem exists, what are its implications or potential consequences? (8%)

Atty. Repatriar, a law school classmate, approached you on your 25th Class Reunion, with questions on how he can resume the practice of law in the Philippines. He left the country in 1977 after two (2) years of initial law practice, and migrated to the United States where he was admitted to the practice of law in the State of New York. He asks that you give him a formal legal opinion on his query. Outline briefly the steps and the supporting legal reasons you would state in your legal opinion on what Atty. Repatriar should do to resume his Philippine practice. (8%)

An audit team from the Office of the Court Administrator found that Judge Contaminada committed serious infractions through the indiscriminate grant of petitions for annulment of marriage and legal separation. In one year, the judge granted 300 of such petitions when the average number of petitions of similar nature granted by an individual judge in his region was only 24 petitions per annum. The audit revealed many different defects in the granted petitions: many petitions had not been verified; the required copies of some petitions were not furnished to the Office of the Solicitor General and the Office of the Provincial Prosecutor; docket fees had not been fully paid; the parties were not actual residents within the territorial jurisdiction of the court; and, in some cases, there was no record of the cross-examinations conducted by the public prosecutor or any documentary evidence marked and formally offered. All these, viewed in their totality, supported the improvident and indiscriminate grant that the OCA found. If you were the counsel for Andy Malasuerte and other litigants whose marriages had been improperly and finally annulled, discuss your options in administratively proceeding against Judge Contaminada, and state where and how you would exercise these options. (8%)

In an action to prevent the condominium developer from building beyond ten (10) floors, Judge Cerdo rendered judgment in favor of the defendant developer. The judgment became final after the plaintiffs failed to appeal on time. Judge Cerdo and Atty. Cocodrilo, counsel for the developer, thereafter separately purchased a condominium unit each from the developer. Did Judge Cerdo and Atty. Cocodrilo commit any act of impropriety or violate any law for which they should be held liable or sanctioned? (8%)

The criminal case arising from the P10-Billion Peso pork barrel scandal was raffled to Sandiganbayan Justice Marciano Cobarde. Afraid that he would antagonize the parties, his political patrons and, ultimately, his judicial career, he decided to inhibit from participating in the case, giving “personal reasons" as his justification. If you were to question the inhibition of SB Justice Cobarde, on what legal basis, and where and how will you do this? (8%).

Under the 2004 Rules of Notarial Practice, what may be used to satisfy the requirement of "competent evidence of identity"? (A) Passport, Senior Citizen card, HMO card. (B) Police clearance, credit card, Professional Regulatory Commission ID. (C) Voter's ID, NBI clearance, Driver's license. (D) Ombudsman's clearance, private office ID, PhilHealth card. (E) All of the above.

The following are duties of a lawyer but only one of these is expressly stated in the Lawyer's Oath. Choose the express duty that the Oath contains. (A) To maintain a respectful attitude towards the courts. (B) To uphold the honor and dignity of the legal profession. (C) To act with courtesy, candor and fairness toward other lawyers. (D) To do no falsehood, nor consent to the doing of any in court. (E) To respect the courts and uphold the dignity of the profession.

Atty. Avaro has consistently failed to pay his annual IBP dues for several years. Demand letters have been sent to him and he has acknowledged receipt of these letters. However, all the IBP's efforts proved futile. As a result, the IBP sent Atty. Avaro a notice that his name would be stricken off the Roll of Attorneys. Was the IBP's action correct? (A) No, because default in the payment of annual dues only warrants suspension of Integrated Bar members. (B) Yes, because non-payment of annual dues is an indicator of the lawyer's moral fitness; refusal to pay is refusal to honor his obligation to the IBP. (C) No, because failure to pay affects a member's capability to practice, but not his membership in the Bar. (D) Yes, because payment of membership dues and other lawful assessments are conditions sine qua non to the privilege of practicing law and to the retention of his name in the Roll of Attorneys. (E) None of the above choices is correct.

Ms. Seller and Mr. Buyer presented to a commissioned notary public a deed of sale for notarization. The notary public explained to them the transaction the deed embodies and asked them if they were freely entering the transaction. After the document was signed by all the parties, the notary public collected the notarial fee but did not issue any BIR-registered receipt. The notarization of the deed is ___. (A) neither unlawful nor improper because he explained the basis for the computation of the notarial fee (B) unlawful because he did not issue a BIR-registered receipt and did not post in his office the complete schedule of chargeable notarial fees (C) proper because he is not required to issue receipts for notarial fees (D) improper because he did not ask Ms. Seller and Mr. Buyer if they needed a receipt (E) proper because any irregularity in the payment of the notarial fees does not affect the validity of the notarization made

In order to comply with the MCLE requirements, Atty. Ausente enrolled in a seminar given by an MCLE provider. Whenever he has court or other professional commitments, he would send his messenger or a member of his legal staff to register his attendance at the MCLE sessions so he could be credited with the required qualifying attendance. He would also ask them to secure the printed handouts and the lecturers' CDs, all of which he studied in his free time. Atty. Ausente should be ___. (A) required to make up for his absence by attending lecture sessions in other MCLE providers (B) sanctioned because he circumvented or evaded full compliance with the MCLE requirements (C) excused because he attended to profession-related tasks, and fully studied the courses through the materials and CDs he secured (D) penalized by forfeiting all his earned MCLE units (E) excused because attendance by proxy is a widespread and tolerated MCLE practice

Plaintiff Jun Ahorro filed a complaint for collection of sum of money before the Regional Trial Court of Manila. Because of the large amount of his claim, he had to pay a sizeable docket fee. He insisted on paying the docket fee and other fees in installments because staggered payment is allowed under Rule 141, as amended. The Office of the Clerk of Court (OCC) refused to accept the complaint unless he paid the full amount of the docket and other required fees. Plaintiff Jun Ahorro's position ___. (A) is allowed because of the large amount of the docket fee (B) is justified because it is discretionary on the part of the OCC to accept staggered payment (C) is incorrect because the amendment on staggered payment has been suspended (D) is not allowed because the full payment of docket fee is jurisdictional (E) cannot be allowed because of its prejudicial impact on the judiciary's financial operations

Atty. Anunciante is engaged in the practice of law and has a regular, live, weekly TV program where he gives advice to and answers questions from the audience and program viewers concerning U.S. immigration problems. Occasionally, advertisements inviting viewers to watch his TV program are shown outside his regular program schedule. Because of the popularity of his TV program, the number of his law practice clients increased tremendously. The TV program of Atty. Anunciante is ___. (A) permissible because it is public service in nature (B) objectionable because the work involves indirect advertising or solicitation of business (C) improper because it gives him an unfair advantage over other lawyers (D) ethically allowable because it does not violate the traditional standards of the legal profession (E) None of the above.

Vito is a notorious gangster in the province who has been accused of raping and mercilessly killing a 16-year old girl. Sentiments run very strongly against him and the local Bar Association met and decided that no lawyer in the locality would represent him. Vito could not afford the services of an out-of-town counsel. Choose the most appropriate legal and ethical characterization of the decision of the local Bar Association. (A) It is within its right to make, since lawyers may freely decide who to represent and who not to represent. (B) It is unethical; it constitutes a collective denial of Vito’s right to the assistance of counsel. (C) It constitutes an anticipated act of contempt towards the court that may order any of the members of the association to represent the accused. (D) It must be concurred in by each member of the Bar Association to have any binding force. (E) It is unethical because the Bar Association already prejudged Vito.

Graft Investigator Atty. Retirada served the Office of the Deputy Ombudsman for eight years before retiring from the service. While still a Graft Investigator, she investigated a government contract for office supplies where Mr. Sakim was the supplier. The transaction was supposedly overpriced. Atty. Retirada recommended that no charges be filed against the officials involved and the recommendation benefited Mr. Sakim as the supplier involved in the transaction. After her retirement from the service, Atty. Retirada's services as counsel were engaged by Mr. Sakim as counsel to represent the Sakim family in a claim against the State arising from a family property that had been expropriated. Atty. Retirada now consults you about the ethical permissibility of accepting the engagement. What advice would you give Atty. Retirada? (A) Having been in government service, she cannot now represent a party with a claim against the State. (B) Having once handled a case involving her prospective client, a conflict of interest would exist if she were to accept the engagement. (C) Representing the Sakim family would involve the unethical use of information she obtained while in government service. (D) There is no ethical objection to her acceptance of the engagement because the case is neither criminal nor administrative in character. (E) Acceptance of the engagement should be on condition that Atty. Retirada would withdraw if a conflict of interest situation arises.

Your client is the plaintiff in a civil case for damages arising from a car accident where he sustained serious physical injuries and damages amounting to P1Million. The counsel for the defendant asks you to give him a proposed amount for purposes of settlement and you are aware that whatever amount you tell him would not readily be accepted and would probably be cut into half. What is your best legal and ethical course of action? (A) Inflate your proposal to make allowances for a compromise. (B) Tell the defendant's counsel the correct amount of damages. (C) Offer him a reasonably low amount so that the case can immediately be settled. (D) Ask the defendant's counsel to first submit his negotiating figure. (E) Play hard-to-get and initially refuse all the defendant's initiatives to settle.

Candido engaged the services of Atty. Lebron in a criminal case. In the course of their consultations, Candido admitted to Atty. Lebron that he committed the crime and in fact actively planned its commission. He stressed, however, that under no circumstance would he admit or confess to the murder charge he is facing and, in fact, would enter a plea of "not guilty" on arraignment. If Candido insists on his planned plea, Atty. Lebron should ___. (A) discontinue his representation; to continue would be unethical since he would then be aiding the accused in foisting a deliberate falsehood on the court (B) allow Candido to choose his course of action; Atty. Lebron's duty is to protect all his legal and statutory rights (C) convince Candido to plead guilty and withdraw from the case if Candido refuses to heed his advice (D) file a manifestation, if Candido pleads “not guilty," declaring to the court what he knows of the truth. (E) play matters by ear and wait for developments as Candido may still plead guilty.

Based on the same facts as Question XIV, assume that Diana, aside from being a family friend of the couple, has been formally and informally acting as their lawyer in all their personal and family affairs. She has represented them in court in a case involving a car accident and in the purchase of their family home, for which they formally paid the attorney's fees that Diana billed. In this instance, Wanda asked about her legal rights but did not formally ask for a written opinion from Diana. Horacio never had any input on the query as he was then away on an out-of-town trip for his office. Diana advised Wanda that she is fully protected in law and her best course of action is to have an abortion while her pregnancy is not yet far advanced. Did Diana violate the prohibition against representing conflicting interests when she provided legal advice to Wanda without Horacio's knowledge? (A) Yes. The decision of whether to have an abortion should be decided by both spouses; thus, Diana should not have provided legal advice in the absence of Horacio whose concerns and positions are unknown to her. (B) No. Diana did not give any formal advice that would constitute legal practice calling for the strict observance of the conflict of interest rules. (C) No. The decision on whether or not to have an abortion lies solely with Wanda; it is her body and health that is in issue. (D) No. Horacio and Wanda are married, any advice given to Wanda is deemed to have been given to Horacio as well. (E) No. Giving advice to Wanda is not necessarily acting against Horacio's interest; Diana was giving advice based on the couple's best interest.

ABLE Law Office has a retainer agreement with Santino, a businessman with shady connections, who has recently been charged with laundering money for an illegal drugs syndicate using Cable Co., Santino's holding company. The lawyers of ABLE Law Office assigned to handle Santino's account have been impleaded as co-defendants for incorporating and actively handling the affairs of Cable Co. In its bid to strengthen its case against the defendants, the prosecution approached you (as the least guilty defendant who would qualify for a discharge as a state witness) and offers to make you a state witness. Can you accept, within the bounds of professional ethics, the prosecution's offer? (A) No, as Santino’s lawyer you are duty-bound to protect his interests, ably represent him in court, and not turn against him. (B) Yes, as an officer of the court, you have the duty to disclose to the court information crucial to the case. (C) No, the information you acquired involving the criminal case against Santino is covered by the privileged communications rule. (D) Yes, a lawyer may testify against his client provided he first severs the lawyer-client relationship. (E) Yes, the law of self-preservation is akin to the law of self-defense and stands higher than any obligation you may have with your client.

Under the same essential facts as the preceding Question XVI, assume that you have resigned from ABLE Law Office and that you were never impleaded as a co-defendant, but during your stay with the firm, you assisted in handling the Cobra Co. account, which is largely owned by Cable Co. The prosecutor handling the case against Santino and the law firm asks you, as a former law firm member, if you can help strengthen the prosecution's case and hints that you, too, may be impleaded as a co-defendant if you do not cooperate. What is your best legal and ethical course of action? (A) Offer to testify on what you know and provide evidence against the defendants in exchange for a guarantee of immunity from prosecution in the case. (B) Offer to provide evidence against Santino, but clarify that you cannot testify against Santino because of the privileged communications rule (C) Decline to testify against the defendants and to provide evidence in the case as the attorney-client privilege lasts even beyond the termination of the relationship. ' (D) Decline to testify against the defendants as whatever information you acquired from Santino and Cable Co. in the course of the lawyer-client relationship is privileged. (E) Alert the law firm to the prosecution's offer so that they can prepare for the evidence within your knowledge that the prosecution may use.

You are a lawyer working in the Public Assistance Office. Yolly, a key witness in the case (reckless imprudence resulting in homicide) you are handling, is indigent and illiterate. While Yolly is willing to testify in court, you worry that the judge might not be able to appreciate the impact of her testimony, as she has a difficult time answering English questions. You also worry that this might affect her credibility. Further, Yolly has indicated that she might not have the money to pay the fare to attend the trial. You are presenting her as a witness for the defense at the hearing next week. Which of the following is NOT a permissible act for you to do? (A) Provide Yolly with money for fare to ensure her attendance in court. (B) Interview Yolly before trial, so that she will be more at ease when she testifies before the court. (C) Prepare a judicial affidavit of Yolly's testimony, which she will then verify before the court. (D) Provide her with sample questions that you might ask in the hearing tomorrow. (E) All the above are permissible.

You are a lawyer working at the Office of the Special Prosecutor and you are part of the team handling the case against former Senator Avido who is charged with plunder. Based on your assessment of the evidence that the complainant Linda submitted, you know that the case against former Senator Avido is weak, although you instinctively feel that he is guilty. You inform your friend Atty. Curioso (who works with the office of Senator Elmismo, a known political rival of Senator Avido) regarding your instinctive feeling about Senator Avido. Atty. Curioso springs a surprise by giving you a recording of the wiretapped conversation between Senator Avido and Napo, a private party co-accused, about the transaction complained of and how they would split the proceeds. What will you do under these circumstances? (A) Disregard the wiretapped conversation as it is inadmissible and will not serve any useful purpose in the trial of the case. (B) Present the wiretapped conversation in court; although inadmissible, its introduction and the disclosure of its existence is a right that the public is entitled to. (C) Leak the wiretapped conversation to the media, to let the public know what really happened. (D) Submit the wiretapped conversation to the Senate which is in the best position to determine what to do with it. (E) Let Napo privately know, through 3"‘ parties, that you are aware of the existence of the taped conversation, with the hint that he can still hope for a lighter penalty if he would cooperate.

Armin, holding a transfer certificate of title to a lot in downtown Calamba in the name of Bobby, shows you the title and claims that Bobby sold him the lot. He then asks you to draft a deed of sale covering the transaction. In reply to your query on where Bobby is, Armin explains that Bobby is currently out of the country but he (Armin) has his general power of attorney which he also shows to you. The power of attorney empowers Armin to do everything that Bobby can do with the Calamba lot, but you note that it does not specifically authorize Armin to sell the property. Armin also assures you that he wants the deed of sale drafted so he can send it to Bobby for his signature even while overseas. How will you act under the given circumstances? (A) Agree to draft the deed of sale, subject to your usual 10% commission. (B) Refuse to draft the deed of sale, as Armin has not presented a special power of attorney that would support the deed that he is asking you to prepare. (C) Refuse to draft the deed of sale, as Bobby is not present to sign the deed of sale and verify that he is indeed selling his lot to Armin. (D) Agree to draft the deed of sale, since it is only a draft that Bobby still has to consider and sign. (E) Refuse to have anything to do with Armin's request because it is a potentially problematic situation given the price of lots in downtown Calamba.

Because of his political beliefs, Atty. Guerra joined a rebel group. Later, he was apprehended and charged with Rebellion in court. A disbarment case was also filed against him. While the case was pending, the government approved a general amnesty program and Atty. Guerra applied for and was granted amnesty. Should the disbarment case be also dismissed automatically? (A) Yes, because amnesty obliterates the criminal act. (B) No, disciplinary action on lawyers are sui generis and general penal principles do not strictly apply. (C) No, a lawyer has the duty to maintain allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and to support the Constitution and obey the laws of the Philippines. (D) Yes, if the Secretary of Justice approves the dismissal.

Mr. Henry Chao is charged before the Metropolitan Trial Court (MeTC) Manila with five (5) counts of Violation of Batas Pambansa Blg. 22 (B.P. 22). Consider the factual scenario from the testimonies of complainant Mr. Ben Que and accused Mr. Henry Chao. Assume to be the Defense Counsel and prepare a MEMORANDUM FOR THE ACCUSED for your client, Mr. Henry Chao. Testimony of Mr. Ben Que (After the cases were called for joint trial) P. Prosecutor: Good Morning, Your Honor. Appearing for the prosecution. Ready. D. Counsel: Good Morning, Your Honor. Appearing as counsel for the accused. Ready. P. Prosecutor: We are calling to the witness stand, the complainant, Mr. Ben Que, who will prove the commission of the offense. Court Staff: Mr. Ben Que, do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth in this proceeding? Witness: Yes, sir. Court Staff: State your name, age, status and other personal circumstances. Witness: I am Ben Que, 60 years old, married, and a resident of 123 Tridalo Street, Mandaluyong City P. Prosecutor: Mr. Que, do you know Mr. Henry Chao who is the accused in this case and, if so, under what circumstances? Witness: Yes, sir. He is the Manager of Atlas Parts. Last June 01, 2011, accused borrowed from me the amount of P 50,000.00, with 5% monthly interest, payable in five (5) equal monthly installments of P12,500.00. He said that the money will be used to pay for their stocks. P. Prosecutor: Did you execute a document to evidence your transaction? Witness: As per our agreement, he issued and delivered to me five ( 5) checks. D. Counsel: Your Honor, please. For the record, I take exception to the statement of the witness that he received checks from the accused. If we closely examine these instruments, it will show that they are NOW slips, that is, Negotiable Order of Withdrawal slips. These are not bills of exchange within the meaning of the Negotiable Instruments Law, and therefore, cannot be considered as checks. P. Prosecutor: Your Honor, they are still bank instruments. Complainant Mr. Que specifically required the issuance of checks to facilitate and ensure the payment of the obligation, and the accused issued and delivered them for that purpose. Violation of the Bouncing Checks Law is malum prohibitum. The law was enacted to maintain faith in bank instruments for utilization in commercial transactions. We have to apply the spirit of the law. COURT: Observation noted. P. Prosecutor: When and where did the accused execute and hand over to you these five (5) instruments? Witness: On June 01, 2011, at my house in Mandaluyong City, after I gave him in cash the P 50,000.00 that he loaned. P. Prosecutor: And where are these instruments now? Witness: Here sir. (Witness handling them to the prosecutor.) P. Prosecutor: May I manifest for the record the observation that the instruments are of the same size and material as the normal checks and have these check-like features: NOW Account No. 123456 No. 0001 Atlas Parts Date: July 1, 2011 PAY TO: Mr. Ben Que P 12,500.00 PESOS: Twelve Thousand Five Hundred Pesos Sgd. Henry Chao Alloy Bank Pasong Tamo Branch Makati P. Prosecutor: Do you know whose signature is that appearing on the lower right side of this instrument and all the four (4) others, as well? Witness: Those are the signatures of the accused Henry Chao. I personally saw him sign them and thereafter, handed the five (5) instruments to me. P. Prosecutor: May I request that No. 0001 dated July 1, 2011 in the amount of P 12,500.00 be marked as Exhibit A for the prosecution; No. 0002 dated August 1, 2011 also in the same amount as Exhibit B; No. 0003 dated September 2, 2011 as Exhibit C; No. 0004 dated October 1, 2011 as Exhibit D; and No. 0005 dated November 1, 2011 as Exhibit E. COURT: Mark them as requested. P. Prosecutor: What did you do with these instruments which represented the installment payments of accused for his loan obligation? Witness: On their respective due dates, I deposited each of them to my Savings Account at BOD Bank, Manila City Hall Branch in Manila, but all of them were dishonored by the drawee, Alloy Bank, for the reason “Account Closed." P. Prosecutor: What proof do you have that these instruments were dishonored? Witness: I received several debit advices from BOD Bank together with the returned slips with a stamp at the back stating as follows: DISHONORED/RETURNED Reason: Account Closed Officer: Mr. M P. Prosecutor: May I request that the stamps of dishonor and the reason “Account 134 BAR Q 8. A C|osed" appearing at the back of each instrument be correspondingly marked as Exhibits A-1 to E-1, respectively. COURT: Mark them accordingly. D. Counsel: I move to strike out this particular testimony for being hearsay. This witness is not competent to testify on these matters pertaining to bank records. COURT: Does the defense deny that all five (5) instruments were dishonored and returned to the witness? D. Counsel: No, Your Honor. But these matters should be testified on by the bank personnel. COURT: Motion to strike is denied. P. Prosecutor: What action did you take? Witness: After each dishonor, I personally went to Mr. Chao and demanded that he make good his commitment, but he merely ignored my demands. P. Prosecutor: What did you do then after all the five (5) instruments were dishonored and your demands ignored? Witness: I consulted a lawyer and he advised me to send a formal demand letter to the accused, which I did. On January 2, 2012, I sent the letter by registered mail to Mr. Henry Chao to his office address at 007 Malugay Street, Malabon City giving him five (5) days to make good his promise. Here is the registry receipt. P. Prosecutor: I request that the demand letter be marked as Exhibit F and that the Registry Receipt No. 321 dated January 2, 2012 posted at Mandaluyong City Post Office be marked as Exhibit G for the prosecution. COURT: Mark it then. P. Prosecutor: Do you know if accused actually received your letter sent by registered mail? Witness: I assumed that he had received it because the registered letter was not returned to me. D. Counsel: I take exception to that statement. Your Honor, because jurisprudence require actual receipt by the drawer of the demand before any criminal liability can attach. P. Prosecutor: May I clarify, Your Honor, that the five (5) days from notice of dishonor given to the drawer of a check to make arrangement for payment by the drawee of the amount of the dishonored checks is to forestall the existence of a prima facie evidence of knowledge of the insufficiency of funds. But here, the reason of the dishonor is “Account Closed," and not just insufficiency of funds. In short, there is actual proof of lack of credit with drawee bank. The account is already closed and accused cannot even make a deposit anymore. COURT: The manifestation is noted. P. Prosecutor: Has the accused paid the amounts covered by the dishonored instruments? Witness: No, sir. He has arrogantly refused to make any payment. P. Prosecutor: No further questions. COURT: Cross. D. Counsel: With the Court's permission. You earlier stated that accused Henry Chao is the Manager of Atlas Parts and that the money borrowed was used to pay for their stocks, is that correct? Witness: Yes, sir. That is what he told me. D. Counsel: So, it is clear that the money loaned from you was not used by the accused for his benefit? Witness: I do not know how he used it. The fact is that I lent the money to him. D. Counsel: Regarding the demand letter that you allegedly sent to accused, do you have the registry return card showing that accused received the letter? Witness: No, sir. But I have the registry receipt. Since the letter was not returned to sender, it is presumed that it was received by the addressee. D. Counsel: Is it not a fact that you have filed another collection suit against Atlas Parts seeking to recover the same P 50,000.00 covered by the dishonored slips? Witness: Yes, sir. That is true because I want to recover my money from either of them. D. Counsel: No further questions, Your Honor. Testimony of Mr. Henry Chao (After oath and formal of fer of testimony.) D. Counsel: Do you own NOW Account No. 123456 maintained at Alloy Bank, Pasong Tamo Branch? Witness: No, sir. That is owned by my employer Atlas Parts and, as the Manager, I am the signatory. D. Counsel: Mr. Chao, in June 2011 when you issued the dishonored NOW slips, did you derive any personal benefit from the amount loaned? Witness: No, sir. The money was used to pay an account payable. D. Counsel: During the due dates of the NOW slips that you issued to Mr. Que, were you still the Manager of Atlas 138 BAR Q &A - Parts? Witness: Not anymore, sir, because in the middle of June 2011, I resigned as Manager, and I was not aware of the dishonor. D. Counsel: Did you receive the demand letter sent to you by Mr. Que after the dishonor? Witness: No, sir. COURT: Cross? P. Prosecutor: With the kind permission of the Court. Mr. Chao, is it not a fact that Mr. Que specifically required you to issue checks to pay the monthly installment of the loan? Witness: Yes, sir. P. Prosecutor: You will agree with me that without those five (5) checks, or NOW slips as you call them, Mr. Que will not lend money to you? Witness: Yes, sir. P. Prosecutor: You will also agree that the demand letter of Mr. Que was delivered to your office address because that is the address that you gave to Mr. Que in connection with your transaction? Witness: Yes, sir. That is possible, but I was not able to receive it because I had already resigned and I could not do anything anymore. P. Prosecutor: That is all, Your Honor.

For grave misconduct, a lawyer was suspended from the practice of law indefinitely. Is he still obliged to pay his IBP dues during his suspension? (A) Yes, as he continues to be a lawyer and a member of the IBP. (B) No, because indefinite suspension is practically disbarment. (C) No need to pay IBP dues because he cannot practice anyway. (D) Pay only after the lifting of the suspension, if it comes.

What is a retaining lien? (A) The lawyer who handled the case during the trial stage should continue to be retained up to the appeal. (B) The right of the lawyer to be retained as counsel for a party until the entire case is finished. (C) The right of a lawyer who is discharged or withdrawn to keep the records and property of the client in his possession until his lawful services have been paid. (D) The prerogative of a client's retainer to recover out-of-pocket expenses.

The petition for appointment as a notary public should be filed with: (A) The Office of the Court Administrator; (B) The Clerk of Court; (C) The MeTC Executive Judge; (D) The RTC Executive Judge.

A notary public is required to record chronologically the notarial acts that he performs in the: (A) Nota rial Book; (B) Roll of Documents Notarized; (C) Notarial Register; (D) Notarial Loose Leafs Sheets.

Atty. Dude is the COMELEC Officer in a very distant municipality. He is. the only lawyer in that area. When election period is over, he has much spare time. Many people go to him for counseling, legal advice, preparation of documents of Sale, Mortgage and the like. He does not charge a fee in money, but he receives gifts which are offered. Is there impropriety? (A) Yes, giving legal advice and preparing legal documents, even if free, constitutes private practice of law, which is prohibited of government employees. (B) No, it is only giving of advices, and not court appearance. (C) Yes, because Atty. Dude accepts gifts. (D) No, since Atty. Dude does not accept money.

Atty. Noe was elected Vice-Governor and continued with his law practice. Later, the governor went on sick leave for one (1) year and Atty. Noe was designated as Acting Governor. Since hearings have already been set, can Atty. Noe continue appearing as counsel in the cases handled by him? (A) Yes, because his election is only as Vice-Governor, and his delegation as Governor is only temporary. (B) Yes, but only for the hearings that have already been set. c Yes, provided Atty. Noe seeks the permission of DILG. (C) Yes, provided Atty. Noe seeks the permission of DILG. (D) No, all governors — even under acting capacity are prohibited from exercising their profession.

Vice-Mayor Ron is a well-loved law practitioner because he assists his constituents, especially the indigents. Ed, one of his friends who is employed as Cashier in the Register of Deeds, sought his assistance because he was charged with Malversation in court. Can Vice-Mayor Ron appear as counsel of Ed? (A) Yes, members of the Sanggunian are allowed to practice their profession. (B) No, because Ed is charged with an offense in relation to his office. (C) Yes, since the position of Ed does not pertain to the local government. (D) No, because all criminal cases are against the government.

Atty. Fred is a law practitioner and headed a law firm bearing his name and those of his partners. When Atty. Fred was elected as Congressman, his client's needs were handled by the other partners. Later, A, a newly proclaimed congressman-friend, faced an election protest before the HRET, and sought the help of Congressman Fred who immediately directed his law firm to appear for A. 8, the protestant, sought the disqualification of Congressman Fred's law firm from appearing before the HRET because Congressman Fred is prohibited from practicing his profession. Decide. (A) Yes, Congressman Fred's law firm is disqualified because Congressman Fred may exercise undue influence on his peers who are members of HRET. (B) No, the law firm is not disqualified because it is another partner, and not Congressman Fred who is appearing. (C) No, the prohibition is on Congressman Fred from personally appearing, and not to his partners. (D) Yes, the spirit of the prohibition is clearly to avoid influence and cannot be indirectly circumvented.

A judge or judicial officer should inhibit himself from hearing a case before him where the counsel for either party is a relative by consanguinity or affinity — (A) up to the 3rd degree; (B) up to the 4th degree; (C) up to the 5th degree; (D) up to the 6th degree.

A judge or judicial officer is disqualified to hear a case before him wherein a party is related to him by consanguinity or affinity - (A) up to the 6th degree; (B) up to the 5th degree; (C) up to the 4th degree; (D) up to the 3rd degree.

Who elects the President and Vice-President of the IBP? (A) The President of all IBP Chapters; (B) The IBP members voting at large; (C) The Board of Governors; (D) The outgoing IBP officers.

A member may terminate his membership by filing a written notice to that effect with the Secretary of the Integrated Bar, who shall immediately bring the matter to the attention of the Supreme Court. Forthwith he shall cease to be a member and his name shall be stricken by the Court from the Roll of Attorneys. Reinstatement may be made by the Court in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Board of Governors and approved by the Court (Sec. 11, Rule 139-A, Rules of Court). 110 BARQ &A 29. Who elects the members of the Board of Governors of the IBP? (A) The Presidents of all IBP Chapters; (B) The members at large of the IBP; (C) The House of Delegates; (D) The Past Presidents of all IBP chapters.

Atty. Edad is an 85-year old lawyer. He does not practice law anymore. However, his IBP Chapter continues to send him notices to pay his IBP dues of more than ten (10) years with warning that failure to comply will result in the removal of his name. Piqued by this, Atty. Edad filed with the IBP Secretary a sworn letter notifying that he is voluntarily terminating his membership with the IBP. Should he be allowed? (A) No, because membership in IBP is compulsory for all lawyers. (B) Yes, an erstwhile IBP member may terminate his membership for good reasons. (C) No, that is only a ploy to evade payment of IBP dues. (D) Yes, it will violate his right not to join an association.

During the IBP Chapter elections, the candidates for President were Atty. EJ, a labor arbiter of the NLRC, Fiscal RJ of the DOJ and Atty. Gani of the PAO. After canvass, Fiscal RJ garnered the highest number of votes, followed by Arbiter EJ and by Atty. Gani. The winning Vice-President moved for the annulment of the election for President because all the candidates for President are government officials and are disqualified. Decide. (A) The election for presidency is invalid, and the elected Vice-President shall assume the Presidency by succession. (B) The election is a failure, and new elections should be held. (C) Fiscal RJ and Arbiter EJ are disqualified. Atty. Gani should be declared winner. (D) All the candidates who are government officials are deemed resigned upon their acceptance of nomination; and so, Fiscal RJ is winner.

Bong, son of Judge Rey, is a fourth-year law student. He helped his friend prepare an affidavit-complaint for Violation of Batas Pambansa Blg. 22. After drafting, they showed it to Judge Rey who made some corrections. Later, the BP 22 case was raffled to Judge Rey who tried and convicted the accused. Was there impropriety? (A) Yes, since Judge Rey was not a fair and impartial judge. (B) No, the evidence for the prosecution was strong and sufficient to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt. (C) No, because any other judge would also have convicted the accused. (D) No, those matters were not known to the accused.

Atty. Aimee was convicted by final judgment of Estafa Thru Falsification of a Commercial Document, a crime involving moral turpitude. What is the appropriate penalty? (A) Disbarment (B) Indefinite suspension (C) Suspension for three (3) years (D) Admonition

Administrative complaints against Judges and Justices below the Supreme Court are handled by: (A) Clerk of Court of the Supreme Court (B) Ombudsman (C) Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeals (D) Office of the Court Administrator

Which of these is not a ground for disbarment? (A) Conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude. (B) Belligerent disobedience to a lawful order of a trial court. (C) Malpractice or other gross misconduct in office. (D) Grossly immoral conduct.

A recovery of ownership complaint was filed by the Dedo and Dedo Law Firm, through Atty. Jose Dedo as counsel. During all the phases of trial, it was Atty. Jose Dedo who appeared. Unfortunately, Atty. Jose Dedo died before completion of trial. Notices and orders sent to the Dedo and Dedo Law Firm were returned to the court with the manifestation that Atty. Dedo already died and requesting the court to directly send the matters to the client. Is this proper? (A) No, the law firm through another lawyer - should continue to appear for the client. (B) Yes, because the death of the handling lawyer terminates the attorney-client relationship. (C) Yes, because attorney's fees was not paid to the law firm. (D) No, it will be unjust for the client to pay another lawyer.

Which of these does not constitute competent evidence of identity? (A) Passport; (B) SSS card; (C) Community Tax Certificate; (D) Senior Citizen Card.

Atty. Nelson recently passed the Bar and wanted to specialize in marine labor law. He gave out calling cards with his name, address and telephone number in front, and the following words at the back: “We provide legal assistance to overseas seamen who are repatriated due to accident, illness, injury, or death. We also offer FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE." Does this constitute ethical misconduct? (A) No, clients have freedom in the selection of their counsel. (B) No, use of a professional card is a lawful way of announcing his services as a professional. (C) Yes, because the offer of financial assistance is an undignified way of luring clients. (D) Yes, because the offer of assistance is stated at the back.

Atty. Lorna, a legal officer of a government agency, and Chona, a nurse in the medical department, were best friends. At one time, Chona consulted Atty. Lorna about a legal matter, revealing that she is living with a married man and that she has a child out of wedlock fathered by another man. Later, the relation between Atty. Lorna and Chona soured. When Chona applied for promotion, Atty. Lorna filed immorality charges against Chona utilizing solely the disclosure by the latter of her private life. Chona objected and invoked confidentiality of information from attorney-client relationship. Decide. (A) There is no attorney-client relationship because, being in the government, Atty. Lorna is disallowed from practicing her profession. (B) No lawyer-client relationship privilege because the information was given as a friend, and not as a lawyer. (C) Personal secrets revealed to Atty. Lorna for the purpose of seeking legal advice is covered by attorney-client privilege. (D) There is no attorney-client relationship because no attorney's fee was paid to Atty. Lorna.

Atty. Juan Cruz of the Cruz, Cruz and Cruz Law Office personally handled a damage case of Mr. Gonzalo which resulted in an award of Php 500,000.00. The writ of execution was served by Sheriff Onoy, but resulted in recovery of only Php 70,000.00. Mr. Gonzalo was unsatisfied and filed an administrative complaint. When informed, Sheriff Onoy berated and threatened Mr. Gonzalo; and for this, the Sheriff was charged with Grave Threat. Atty. Pedro Cruz of the same Cruz, Cruz and Cruz Law Office appeared as defense counsel pro bono. Mr. Gonzalo seeks his disqualification. Decide. (A) No conflict of interest. The Grave Threat case arose out of a different factual scenario. (B) There is conflict of interest because both Atty. Juan Cruz and Atty. Pedro Cruz belong to one law office. (C) No conflict of interest since the court case was wholly handled by Atty. Juan Cruz. The law office did not participate in any way. (D) No conflict of interest. No likelihood that information in the civil case can be used in the criminal case.

Atty. Utang borrowed from Y Php300,000.00 secured by a post dated check. When presented, the check was dishonored. Y filed a BP 22 case in court, and a disbarment complaint with the IBP. In the latter case, Atty. Utang moved for dismissal as the act has nothing to do with his being a lawyer and that it is premature because the case is pending and he is entitled to presumption of innocence. Should the disbarment complaint be dismissed? (A) No, because lawyers may be disciplined for all acts, whether professional or private. (B) Yes, there is no conviction yet. (C) Yes, BP 22 does not involve moral turpitude. (D) No, unless he pays the amount of the check to the satisfaction of Y.

Atty. Atras was the counsel for Mr. Abante. Soon after the case was submitted for decision, Mr. Abante got the files and informed Atty. Atras that he was hiring another lawyer. On that same day, a copy of the decision was received by Atty. Atras but he did not do anything anymore. He also failed to file his withdrawal, and no appearance was made by the new counsel. When Mr. Abante found out about the adverse decision, the period to appeal had lapsed. Was service to Atty. Atras effective? (A) Yes, Atty. Atras is still considered the counsel of record until his withdrawal of appearance has been actually filed and granted. (B) Service should be done on Mr. Abante because he had already severed lawyer-client relationship with Atty. Atras. (C) Service should be done on the new counsel as soon as he enters his appearance. (D) Service upon Atty. Atras is not effective because his services have already been terminated by the client.

Mr. Joey owns a 5-hectare parcel of land which is being expropriated as market site. The government is offering only Php15 per sqm while Mr. Joey deserves Php20 per sqm. Atty. AI agreed to represent Mr. Joey in the expropriation case on contingent basis in that his attorney's fees shall be the excess of Php20 per sqm. Due to expert handling, the expropriation court awarded Mr. Joey the fair market value of Php35 per sqm. Mr. Joey complained to the court that the attorney's fee being charged is excessive as it amounts to about 63% of the award. Decide. (A) A retainer's agreement, as a contract, has the force of law between the parties and must be complied with in good faith. (B) It was the excellent handling of the case that resulted in a bigger award; hence, it is fair that Atty. AI should be rewarded with the excess. (C) Mr. Joey got the desired valuation for his land. So, he must honor his contract with Atty. AI. (D) Attorney's fees is always subject to court supervision and may be reduced by the court based on quantum meruit

Atty. Gelly passed the Bar in 1975. After taking his oath, he did not enlist in any IBP chapter because he went to the USA to pursue a Master's Degree. Eventually, he passed the state bar and specialized in immigration law. In 2005, he returned to the Philippines and was but the IBP is charging him from 1975 up to the present and threatening him with expulsion if he does not comply. Is the IBP correct? (A) Atty. Gelly cannot be compelled to pay the IBP dues because he was not engaged in the practice of law from 1975-2005. (B) Atty. Gelly is exempt from 1975-2005 because he was out of the country. (C) Atty. Gelly should pay the dues from 1975 to the present since membership in the IBP is compulsory. (D) Atty. Gelly should not pay because the rule on bar integration is unconstitutional for compelling a lawyer to join an association.

Judge Ramon obtained a two (2) year car loan from a financing company. He never paid a single amortization. After the lapse of two (2) years, the financing company filed an administrative complaint against the judge for willful failure to pay a just debt. Is the judge administratively liable. (A) No, since the loan is not connected with his judicial function. (B) Yes, because a judge should avoid impropriety or the appearance of impropriety even in his private dealings. (C) No, the financing company should have availed of the remedy of foreclosure. (D) No, because the administrative charge is only meant to force the judge to pay.

What is the effect when the parties to a document acknowledged before a notary public did not present competent evidence of identity? (A) Voidable; (B) Valid; (C) Invalid Notarization; (D) Unenforceable.

Mr. Joseph, owner of an investment house, consulted a friend, Atty. Miro, about a potential criminal act1on against him because he cannot pay investors due to temporary liquidity problems. Atty. Miro asked Mr. Joseph to transfer to him all assets of the firm and he will take charge of settling the claims and getting quitclaims. A month later, Mr. Joseph was surprised to receive a demand letter from Atty. Miro, as counsel for all the claimants, for the pay back of their investments. After a while, Mr. Joseph received releases and quitclaims from the investors, with desistance from filing criminal action against him. Atty. Miro later told Mr. Joseph that he sent the demand letter so he can claim attorney's fee. Was there a conflict of interest? (A) No, there was no formal engagement of Atty. Miro as counsel for Mr. Joseph. (B) Yes, by giving legal advice to Mr. Joseph, the latter became a client of Atty. Miro. (C) No, there is no attorney-client relationship between Mr. Joseph and Atty. Miro as no attorney's fee was charged nor paid to the latter. (D) Yes, because Atty. Miro was representing Mr. Joseph when he disposed the assets to pay off the claims.

Atty. Quiso was the retained counsel for Alfa Security Agency and handled all the cases involving the company. Adam, the Assistant Manager of the agency, hired Atty. Quiso when he was sued in an ejectment case. Later, Adam was fired from the agency. Adam did not return a vehicle and so, Atty. Quiso - as counsel for the security agency — filed a replevin suit Adam moved for Atty. Quiso's disqualification considering that the ejectment case is still pending. Is there conflict of interest? (A) No, the cases are totally unrelated and there is no occasion to unduly use confidential information acquired from one case in the other. (B) No, Atty. Quiso is duty bound to handle all cases of his client, including the replevin case against Adam. (C) Yes, proscription is against representation of opposing parties who are present clients or in an unrelated action. (D) Yes, Atty. Quiso must withdraw as counsel for Adam, otherwise he will lose his retainer

Debbie, topnotcher of their class, is now on her 4th year law studies and has enrolled in the legal aid clinic of the law school. She was assigned to handle a domestic violence and support case filed by their client against her husband. During the hearing, the clinic's supervising attorney introduced Debbie to the Branch Clerk of Court and then left to oversee another intern. In the midst of the proceedings, opposing counsel objected to the appearance of Debbie because she is not yet a lawyer. Decide. (A) Debbie can proceed because the law student practice rule allows a student who has finished 3rd year of the regular course to appear without compensation before a trial court. (B) Debbie can proceed since she is appearing only during the trial and did not sign the pleadings. (C) Debbie cannot proceed without the presence of their clinic's supervising attorney. (D) Debbie has proven her capability to handle the case and opposing counsel is objecting only now because he might lose to a law student.

RTC Judge Bell was so infuriated by the conduct of Atty. X who conveniently absents himself when his clients do not pay his appearance fee in advance. Atty. X also uses disrespectful and obscene language in his pleadings. At one point, when his case was called for hearing, Atty. X did not appear for his client although he was just outside the door of the court room. Judge Bell directed the client to summon Atty. X, but the latter refused. Judge Bell then issued an Order directing Atty. X to explain why no disciplinary action shall be imposed on him for this misconduct but he refused the directive. Decide. (A) RTC Judge Bell can suspend Atty. X from the practice of law before his sala. (B) The case of Atty. X can be dismissed due to non-appearance of counsel even though the party was present. (C) The hearing of the case should be rescheduled in the interest of justice. (D) The court can admonish the client for the unprofessional conduct of his lawyer and ask him to change his lawyer.

Bong Tupak, a second-year law student, was charged in the RTC for Forcible Abduction with Rape. Having knowledge of criminal law and procedure, he dismissed the counsel de oficio assigned and appeared for himself. He asserted that there was lack of force. Eventually, the RTC found him guilty of Consented Abduction and imposed the penalty. Bong Tupak now assails the decision, saying that there was a violation of due process because he was allowed to appear by himself and he did not know that Consented Abduction is a crime. Decide. (A) An accused before the RTC may opt to defend himself in person and he cannot fault others for his decision. (B) The RTC should have appointed a counsel de oficio to assist the accused even if not sought or requested by the accused. (C) There was violation of due process. There is disparity between the expertise of a public prosecutor and the inexperience of a 2nd year law student. (D) A 2nd year law student has sufficient knowledge of criminal law and procedure, hence, he is competent to defend himself.

Atty. Magtanggol of the PAO was assigned to defend X who is accused of Slight Physical Injury before the MTC of a far-flung town. During the trial, P02 Tulco appeared in court on behalf of the complainant. Atty. Magtanggol objected to his appearance since the policeman is not a member of the Bar. (A) The objection is valid. It should be the public prosecutor who should prosecute the criminal action. (B) Atty. Magtanggol is just afraid that his client may be convicted through the efforts of a non-lawyer. (C) In the courts of a municipality, a party may conduct his litigation in person or with the aid of an agent or friend. (D) If a public prosecutor is not available, at least a private prosecutor who must be a lawyer should be designated.

Judge Nacy personally witnessed a vehicular accident near his house. Later, the Reckless Imprudence case was raffled to his sala. Is there a valid ground for his inhibition? (A) No. he is not acquainted nor related with any of the parties or lawyer. (B) No, his personal knowledge of what actually happened will even ensure that he will decide the case justly on the basis of the true facts. (C) Yes, because a judge should decide a case on the basis of the evidence presented before him and not on extraneous matters. (D) No, because there is no ground for disqualification and no motion for inhibition.

Atty. Aga was appointed as Treasurer by the IBP President with the approval of the Board of Governors for a term coterminous with that of the President. A year thereafter, Atty. Aga ran as Barangay Chairman of their place, and took a leave of absence for two (2) weeks to campaign. May Atty. Aga re-assume as Treasurer after his leave of absence? (A) Yes, since he lost in the election. (B) No, because he was deemed resigned upon filing of his certificate of candidacy. (C) Yes, because his position as Treasurer is coterminous with the President of the I BP. (D) No, because he should first seek the approval of the IBP Board of Governors before running as Brgy. Chairman.

What is the purpose of MCLE? (A) To conform with the requirements of international law. (B) To provide a venue to improve fraternal relations among lawyers. (C) To keep abreast with law and jurisprudence and to maintain the ethical standards of the profession. (D) To supplement legal knowledge due to substandard law schools.

Does the MCLE requirement apply at once to a newly-admitted lawyer? (A) Yes, if admitted to the Bar and there are four (4) more months remaining of the compliance period. (B) No, wait for the next compliance period. (C) Yes, if he will start law practice immediately. (D) Yes, if more than one (1) year remains of the compliance period.

When does compliance period begin? (A) When the lawyer actually begins law practice; (B) Upon admission] readmission to the Bar; (C) 01 October 2009; (D) 01 October 2006.

What is the duration of MCLE Compliance Period? (A) Twelve (12) months; (B) Twenty-four (24) months; (C) Thirty-six (36) months; (D) Eighteen (18) months.

The term of Dean Rex of X College of Law expired in the first year of the third compliance period. Does his exemption extend to the full extent of said compliance period? (A) No, he must comply with all the unit requirements. (B) Yes, to the full extent. (C) No, but comply proportionately. (D) Yes, but he must apply for exemption.

Atty. Tony is a 25-year old Filipino lawyer. He has been a resident in Parañaque City for about ten (10) years and holds office in his residence. He filed a petition for appointment as Notary Public in Parañaque and has clearance from the IBP and the Bar Confidant. However, it appears that while still a college student, he was convicted by a Laguna Court for Reckless Imprudence Resulting in Damage to Property. During the summary hearing of his petition, the offended party therein strongly objected on that ground. Can Atty. Tony be appointed? (A) No, because he has a previous criminal record. (B) No, because of the opposition. (C) Yes, the offense of Reckless Imprudence does not involve moral turpitude. (D) Yes, since the Reckless Imprudence case did not happen in the jurisdiction where Atty. Tony is applying.

The reports of a Notary Public are submitted to the: (A) Executive Judge; (B) Court Administrator; (C) Notarial Archives; (D) Clerk of Court.

A party to a contract does not know how to write. Neither can he affix his thumbmark because both hands were amputated. How will that person execute the contract? (A) Ask the party to affix a mark using the toe of his foot in the presence of the notary public and two (2) disinterested and unaffected witnesses to the instrument. (B) Ask the party to hold the pen with his teeth and affix a + mark to be followed by the signature of one friend. (C) The party may ask the notary public to sign in his behalf. (D) None of the above.

Victor has been legally separated from his wife, Belen for fifteen (15) years. He has found true love and happiness with Amor and they lived together as husband and wife. Amor convinced Victor to study law and gave him financial support. Recently, Victor passed the 2011 Bar Examinations. Upon knowing this, Belen filed a complaint against Victor for immorality. Should Victor be allowed to take oath as an attorney? (A) Yes, his relationship with Amor is imbued with genuine love and cannot be considered immoral and indecent. (B) Yes, legal separation does not allow the spouses to remarry. (C) No, because legal separation does not dissolve the marriage and, therefore, Victor's relationship with Amor is still considered illicit. (D) Yes, it is totally unfair for Belen to complain since they have lived separate lives.

Atty. Rey has been a professor in the Legal Management Department of Y University for thirty (30) years. He teaches Constitution, Obligation and Contracts, Insurance, Introduction to Law. Is he exempted from the MCLE requirement? (A) Yes, because his teaching experience is already more than ten (10) years. (B) No, because he is not teaching in the College of Law. (C) Yes, because of his field of knowledge and experience. (D) No, because Y University is not accredited.

Atty. Galing is a Bar topnotcher. He has been teaching major subjects in a law school for eight (8) years and has mastered the subjects he is handling. Is he exempt from the MCLE requirement? (A) No, eight (8) years experience is not enough. (B) Yes, since he has mastered what he is handling. (C) Yes, professors of law are exempted. (D) No, since he is not yet a Bar reviewer.

Soon after Atty. Cesar passed the Philippine Bar in 1975, he also took the New York State Bar and passed the same. He practiced law for 25 years in the USA, but he was disbarred therein for insurance fraud. He returned to the Philippines and started to practice law. X, who knew about his New York disbarment, filed a disbarment complaint with the IBP. Decide. (A) The factual basis for the New York disbarment which is deceit also constitutes a ground for disbarment in the Philippines. (B) The acts complained of happened in a foreign country and cannot be penalized here. (C) Norms of ethical behavior of lawyers are the same worldwide. (D) A lawyer's fitness to become a lawyer must be maintained wherever he may be.

After Atty. Benny got a P2 million final judgment in his client's favor, he promptly asked the court, without informing his client, to allow him a charging lien over the money in the amount of P500,000, his agreed fees. The Court issued a writ of execution for the whole judgment in Atty. Benny's name with an order for him to turn over the excess to his client. Is Atty. Benny's action correct? (A) No, since his fees are excessive. (B) Yes, since he was merely asserting his right to collect his fees. (C) Yes, since he would anyway give the excess to his client after getting his fees. (D) No, since he did not disclose to his client the matter of getting a charging lien and a writ of execution in his name.

Atty. Ramon borrowed his client's (Menchu) land title. After eight months, Menchu demanded its return but he failed to comply and changed his residence. After Menchu tracked him down, she confronted him about the title. He then offered to just buy the property and gave her five checks for it but these bounced. Charged with malpractice, Atty. Ramon answered that his license to practice law cannot be in issue. He merely incurred civil liability for a failed transaction. Will the mal- practice action prosper? (A) No, because his failure to pay his obligation only makes him civilly liable. (B) No, since Menchu did not transact business with Atty. Ramon as a lawyer. (C) Yes, because it is professionally repre- hensible for a lawyer to be unavailable to a person in need. (D) Yes, he having taken advantage of Menchu who was not fully protected and had no independent advice.

Which of the following demonstrates the lawyer's duty to give the court the respect it deserves? (A) Counsel consistently appearing in court on time. (B) Counsel obeying court's orders and processes. (C) Woman counsel appearing in court dressed in business attire. (D) Counsel addressing the court as “Your Honor" at all times.

Lee became a lawyer in 1988 under a claim that he is a Filipino like his parents. Efren sought Lee's disbarment on the ground that he really is a Chinese. To prove he is a Filipino, Lee cited an Albay regional trial court's final judgment in an action to recover real property which mentioned his citizenship as Filipino. This final judgment resulted in the correction of his birth records in a separate special proceeding to show he is a Filipino, not Chinese as there stated. Is Lee's claim to Filipino citizenship valid? (A) No, since the mention of his citizenship in the land case was just incidental. (B) No, since those rulings were not appealed to the Supreme Court. (C) Yes, because the rulings in his favor have become final and executory. (D) Yes, since his parents are Filipinos based on what he said in his bar exam petition.

Francisco asked the trial court to issue a temporary restraining order against CRP but this was denied, prompting him to file a petition for certiorari with the Court of Appeals to question the order of denial. At this point, RXU terminated Atty. Francisco's services. When the parties later settled their dispute amicably, CRP paid RXU P100 million. Because of this, Atty. Francisco came around and claimed a 15% share in the amount. What should be his attorney's fees? (A) Nothing because the compromise came after RXU terminated him. (B) 15% of what CRP paid RXU or P15 million. (C) A reasonable amount that the court shall fix upon proof of quantum meruit. (D) Nothing since he was unable to complete the work stated in the retainer contract.

Which of the following demonstrates a lawyer's fidelity to known practices and customs of the bar regarding a case he is handling? (A) Treating his client's disclosures as confidential but not the documents he submits for review. (B) Meeting with his client's opponent over lunch to discuss settlement without telling his client. (C) Acceptinq a tough case although he is new in practice, trusting that his diligence would make up for lack of experience. (D) Inviting the judge hearing the case to dinner with no purpose to discuss the case with him.

Administrative penalties imposed on judges are (A) curative. (B) punitive. (C) corrective. (D) both punitive and corrective.

After the prosecution cross-examined Shiela, a witness for the accused, Judge Pedro asked her ten additional questions that were so intense they made her cry. One question forced Sheila to admit that her mother was living with another man, a fact that weighed on the case of the accused. This prompted the latter's counsel to move to expunge the judge's questions for building on the prosecution's case. Judge Pedro denied the motion, insisting that bolstering a party's case is incidental to the court's desire to be clarified. Did Pedro commit an impropriety? (A) No, his ten questions could not be considered an undue intervention. (B) No, because the judge is free to inquire into any aspect of the case that would clarify the evidence for him. (C) Yes, because he effectively deprived the defense of its riqht to due process when he acted both as prosecutor and iudqe. (D) Yes, because nothing connects his desire to be clarified with the questions he asked.

On November 28 Atty. Patrick wrote in a newspaper column that the Supreme Court already decided in favor of the validity of the Executive Order that created the Truth Commission upon a vote of 13-2. But, as it turned out, the Court actually rendered an adverse decision only on December 7, and upon a vote of 10-5. Asked to explain his misleading article, Patrick said that his constitutionally protected right to free expression covered what he wrote. Can the Court cite Patrick for contempt? (A) Yes, because his article obstructs and degrades the administration of justice. (B) No, because the right to free expression occupies a high rank in the hierarchy of cherished rights. (C) No, because courts must simply ignore public opinion and the media when rendering decisions. (D) Yes, because he wrote a lie in his column.

After several years as a private practitioner, Ben got appointed as Regional Trial Court judge. Five years after his appointment, he received summons directing him to answer a disbarment complaint that pertained to a document he notarized more than 10 years ago from appointment date. He sought the dismissal of the complaint arguing that the cause of action has prescribed. Must the complaint be dismissed? (A) No, because such complaints do not prescribe. (B) Yes, because the complaint creates a chilling effect on judicial independence. (C) No, but the complaint should be verified to ensure transparency. (D) Yes, because actions on contracts prescribe in 10 years.

To whom may the Supreme Court refer complaints against lawyers for investigation? (A) Integrated Bar of the Philippines. (B) Office of the Bar Confidant. (C) Judicial and Bar Council. (D) Office of the Court Administrator.

Which of the following characteristics pertains to a charging lien? (A) It cannot attach to judgments for delivery of real estates. (B) It involves documents placed in the lawyer's possession by reason of the retainer. (C) It does not need any notice to the client to make it effective. (D) It may be exercised before judgment or execution.

Ronnie, a paralegal in a law firm, helped Beth in a property dispute in which she was involved by giving her legal advice and preparing a complaint that she eventually filed in court under her own signature. When the lawyer for the defendant learned of it, he told Ronnie to desist from practicing law. But he disputed this, claiming that he had not practiced law since he did not receive compensation from Beth for his help. Is Ronnie correct? (A) Yes, because he could as a paralegal provide competent legal help to litigants. (B) Yes, for so long as he did not sign the complaint or appeared as Beth's lawyer. (C) No, unless Beth was ill-advised in filing her complaint in court. (D) No, because receipt of compensation is not the sole determinant of legal practice.

Atty. Arthur agreed to represent Patrick in a personal injury case after the latter signed a retainer agreement for a 33% fee contingent on their winning the case. In the course of trial, Patrick dismissed Atty. Arthur after he presented their evidence in chief and engaged Atty. Winston another lawyer. They lost the case. What fee would Atty. Arthur be entitled to? (A) Thirty three percent of the fee actually paid to Winston. (B) The reasonable value of his services. (C) A flat hourly rate for the time he invested in the case. (D) Absolutely nothing.

Which of the following is required of counsel when withdrawing his services to a client in a case? (A) Counsel's desire to withdraw, expressed in his motion. (B) Payment of withdrawal fee. (C) Opposing counsel's conformity to the withdrawal. (D) Client's written consent filed in court.

After hearing in a sensational criminal case, counsel for the accused told television viewers how the judge unfairly ruled to stop his witness from testifying fully about certain aspects of the case that would help the accused. Counsel said that the public should know the injustice to which his client was being subjected. Can counsel be disciplined for his utterances? (A) Yes, because rather than defend the judicial system as was his duty, he attacked it. (B) No, since counsel did not use obscene language. (C) No, so long as counsel did not knowingly make false statements or act in reckless disregard of truth. (D) Yes, even if the judge may have actually made unfair rulings in the course of trial.

What unhealthy attitude of mind should a judge avoid falling into? (A) Hearing and adjudicating cases is an important job. (B) Courts are made for litigants. (C) Litigants are made for the courts. (D) Courts should dispose of their cases on time.

What is the method of national inquiry into the conduct of Supreme Court magistrates? (A) Administrative investigation. (B) Disqualification. (C) Impeachment. (D) Disbarment.

Which of the following instances demonstrates counsel's LACK of diligence in serving his client's interest? (A) Failing to file his client's appeal brief despite 2 extensions upon the excuse that the client did not coordinate with him. (B) Failing to send to client a requested legal opinion until after the latter gave him the additional documents he requested. (C) Failing to rehearse his client on his testimony before the trial. (D) Updating his client about the status of his case by phone and electronic mail.

Atty. Eliseo represented Allan in a collection suit against the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO). After his election as sangguniang bayan member, the court rendered a decision in PCSO's favor. Still, Atty. Eliseo appeared for Allan in the latter's appeal, prompting the PCSO to question his right to do so. In response, Atty. Eliseo claimed that the local government code authorizes him to practice law as long as it does not conflict with his duties. Is Atty. Eliseo right? (A) No, because he cannot appear against a government instrumentality in a civil case. (B) Yes, because his official duties do not conflict with his private practice. (C) No, because he works on his private case at the sacrifice of public service. (D) Yes, because he does not appear in the case as a municipal official.

Myra asked Atty. Elma to notarize her deed of sale. When Elma asked for Myra's competent evidence of identity, she explained that she does not have any current identification document nor could she get one soon. Instead, she presented her friend, Alex, who showed Atty. Elma his driver's license and confirmed Myra's identity. Is Alex's identification of Myra valid? (A) Yes, provided Alex states in the deed of sale that he knew Myra personally. (B) No, Myra needs to produce a valid identification document of herself. (C) No, since Alex is not himself a party to the document. (D) Yes, since Alex had a valid identification document.

Serving as counsel de oficio, Atty. Mamerto advised John of the consequences of his plea of not guilty to the charge. Before trial could be held, however, the presiding judge died. As it happened, Atty. Mamerto was appointed judge and John's case was assigned to him by raffle. John quickly moved for the judge's disqualification. Is Judge Mamerto under obligation to inhibit himself from the case? (A) No, because his service to John was just momentary. (B) Yes, because his knowledge of John's case affects his judgment. (C) No, because he was merely a counsel de oficio. (D) Yes, because he served as John's counsel.

A Court Administrator's auditing team found that Judge Ruby used business cards which stated, in addition to her official title as presiding judge of her court, that she is bar topnotcher, her law school's “class valedictorian," and “one of the most sought after private law practitioners" before she joined the judiciary, all of which are true. Asked to explain this seeming impropriety, Ruby pointed out that business cards can include the person's “title” which is broad enough to include in her case her standing in the bar and all the honors she earned. Did Ruby commit an impropriety? (A) Yes, unless the cards were given to her as a gift. (B) No, because all she stated in her business cards are true. (C) Yes, because she showed a hunger for publicity and recognition that debases her judicial post. (D) No, because she is free to include in her business cards details that say who she is.

Atty. Melissa witnessed the car accident that resulted in injury to Manny, a friend of hers. While visiting him at the hospital, she advised him about what action he needed to take regarding the accident. Is Atty. Melissa subject to disciplinary action if she eventually handles the case for him? (A) No, because Melissa did not directly volunteer her services. (B) No, because Manny happened to be a friend. (C) Yes, she engaged in typical ambulance chasing. (D) Yes, because she should have offered her services for free.

Counsel for Philzea Mining appealed a decision of the Bureau of Mines, which was adverse to his client, to the Environment Secretary. At about the same time, he filed a special civil action of certiorari with the Court of Appeals for the annulment of the same decision. Did counsel commit any ethical impropriety in his actions? (A) Yes, since the action he filed with the Court of Appeals was barred by the pendency of a similar action before the Environment Secretary. (B) Yes, since he was evidently shopping for a sympathetic forum. (C) No, since his appeal to the Environment Secretary was administrative, not judicial. (D) No, since he has to exhaust all available remedies to serve his client's interest.

When does the initial MCLE compliance period of a newly admitted member of the bar begin? (A) On the first day of the month of his admission. (B) On the tenth day of the month of his admission. (C) On the third year after his admission as member. (D) On the first year of the next succeeding compliance period.

Administrative proceedings against Judges of all courts and Justices of the Court of Appeals and the Sandiganbayan shall be (A) private and confidential. (B) public but subdued. (C) private but transparent. (D) public.

Although not counsel in a particular case, Atty. Anthony asked Lisa, the RTC clerk of court, if the case records have already been remanded to the MTC as the Court of Appeals directed. Lisa said no, saying that the RTC had not yet received a certified copy of the Court of Appeals' decision. When Lisa suggested that Atty. Anthony first secure such a copy, the latter scolded her. Shamed by this, Lisa filed a disciplinary action against him for encroaching on the work of the lawyers of record. Anthony defends his follow-up action by claiming good faith and the possibility of entering his appearance later. Is Anthony liable for his record follow-up? (A) Yes, because he did not inform Lisa of the basis of his interest in the case. (B) Yes, because none of the parties to the case authorized him to do such follow-up (C) No, because he acted in good faith with a view to a possible retainer. (D) No, because following up the records of any case does not constitute practice of law.

A difficult client directed his counsel to bring up to the Supreme Court the trial court's dismissal of their action. Counsel believes that the trial court acted correctly and that an appeal would be futile. Which of the following options should counsel take? (A) Withdraw from the case to temper the client's propensity to litigate. (B) Engage a collaborating counsel who can assist in the case. (C) Submit a new retainer proposal to the client for a higher fee. (D) Elevate the case to the Supreme Court as directed by client.

Provincial Governors and Municipal Mayors who are lawyers are MCLE exempt because (A) they handle cases of their constituents for free. (B) the Local Government Code prohibits them from practicing their profession. (C) they are rendering public service. (D) As experts in local governance, it may be assumed that they are updated on legal developments.

In what documented act will a notary public's failure to affix the expiration date of his commission warrant administrative sanction? (A) In the jurat of a secretary's certificate. (B) In the will acknowledged before him. (C) In the signature witnessing he performed. (D) In the document copy he certified.

After representing Lenie in an important lawsuit from 1992 to 1995, Atty. Jennifer lost touch of her client. Ten years later in 2005, Evelyn asked Atty. Jennifer to represent her in an action against Lenie. Such action involved certain facts, some confidential, to which Atty. Jennifer was privy because she handled Lenie's old case. Can Atty. Jennifer act as counsel for Evelyn? (A) No, but she can assist another lawyer who will handle the case. (B) Yes, but she must notify Lenie before accepting the case. (C) No, because her duty to keep the confidences of previous clients remains. (D) Yes, but she cannot reveal any confidential information she previously got.

Judge Cristina has many law-related activities. She teaches law and delivers lectures on law. Some in the government consult her on their legal problems. She also serves as director of a stock corporation devoted to penal reform, where she participates in both fund raising and fund management. Which of the following statements applies to her case? (A) She should not engage in fund raising activities. (B) Her activities are acceptable except the part where she is involved in fund management. (C) She can teach law and deliver lectures on law but not do the other thinqs. (D) All of her activities are legal.

In settling his client's claims, Atty. Cruz received from the adverse party P200,000 in cash for his client. Which of the following is an IMPROPER way for Atty. Cruz to handle the money? (A) Ask his client to prepare a check for his fees for swapping with the cash. (B) Deposit the cash in his own bank account and later issue his personal check to his client, less his fees. (C) Turn over the cash to his client with a request that the latter pay him his fees. (D) Tell his client about the settlement and the cash and wait for the client's instructions.

Noel and Emily who were involved in a road accident sued Ferdie, the driver of the other car, for damages. Atty. Jose represented only Noel but he called Emily to testify for his client. During direct examination, Emily claimed that her injuries were serious when Atty. Jose knew that they were not. Still, Atty. Jose did not contest such claim. Ferdie later sued Emily for giving false testimony since her own doctor's report contradicted it. He also sued Atty. Jose for foisting a false testimony in court. Is Atty. Jose liable? (A) No, because he did not knowingly arrange for Emily to lie in court. (B) Yes, because he did not advise his client to settle the case amicably. (C) No, because Emily did not permit him to reveal the falsity to the court. (D) Yes, because he knowingly let Emily's false testimony pass for truth.

On 17 April 2006 NWD, a local water district entity, hired Atty. Chito as private counsel for a year with the consent of the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC). Shortly after, a leadership struggle erupted in NWD between faction A and faction B. Siding with the first, Atty. Chito filed several actions against the members of faction B. Eventually, the court upheld Faction B which thus revoked Atty. Chito's retainer on 14 January 2007. With OGCC's approval, NWD hired Atty. Arthur in his place. When Atty. Arthur sought the dismissal of the actions that Atty. Chito had instituted, the latter objected on the ground that his term had not yet expired and Atty. Arthur had no vacancy to fill up. Is Atty. Chito right? (A) No, because Atty. Chito's continued appearances in the cases was without authority since 14 January 2007. (B) No, because Atty. Arthur would have violated the rule on forum shopping. (C) Yes, because Atty. Chito's retainer and authority remained valid until 17 April 2006. (D) No, because Atty. Chito has the duty to expose the irregularities committed by the members of Faction B.

One of the foundation principles of the Bangalore Draft of the Code of Judicial Conduct is the importance in a modern democratic society of (A) a judicial system that caters to the needs of the poor and the weak. (B) public confidence in its judicial system and in the moral authority and integrity of its judiciary. (C) the existence of independent and impartial tribunals that have the support of its government. (D) judges who are learned in law and jurisprudence.

On appeal, RTC Judge Rudy affirmed the MTC's conviction of Lorna for violation of the bouncing checks law and awarded Agnes, the complainant, Php1.6 million in damages. Two years later, upon Lorna's motion and after ascertaining that her counsel never received the court's decision, Judge Rudy recalled the entry of judgment in the case, reversed himself, and absolved Lorna of guilt. Claiming an unjust judgment, Agnes filed an administrative complaint against Judge Rudy, saying that it is plain from the circumstances that he connived with Lorna, her counsel, and the handling prosecutor. But she offered no further evidence. Rudy denied the charges and asserted that any error in his judgment is correctible only by an appeal, not by an administrative suit. Should Judge Rudy be disciplined? (A) No, because Agnes’ complaint is merely based on suspicions and speculations. (B) No, because Agnes has yet to establish that Rudy's decision is plainly erroneous. (C) Yes, because he gravely abused his discretion in recalling the entry of judgment. (D) Yes, because reconsidering the judgment of conviction that the MTC and he earlier issued shows anomaly in Judge Rudy's action.

Justice Frank, a retired Court of Appeals justice, appeared before the Supreme Court on behalf of Landbank, a government bank, in a case involving the compensable value of the property taken from a landowner under the agrarian reform law. The landowner questioned Justice Frank's appearance in the case, pointing out that the same is unethical and smacks of opportunism since he obviously capitalizes on his judicial experience. Is Justice Frank's appearance in the case valid? (A) Yes, because the law allows such appearance as long as the government is not the adverse party. (B) No, because he cannot enjoy his retirement pay and at the same time work for a government institution. (C) Yes, since Landbank does not perform government function. (D) No, he should have waited for at least a year to avoid improprieties.

Which of the following will subject Atty. Lyndon, a Manila notary public, to sanctions under the notarial rules? (A) Notarizing a verification and certification against forum shopping in Manila Hotel at the request of his Senator-client. (B) Refusing to notarize an extra-judicial settlement deed after noting that Ambo, a friend, was delisted as heir when he was in fact one. (C) Performing signature witnessing involving his brother-in-law and recording it in his register. (D) Notarizing a deed of sale for someone he knew without requiring any proof of identity.

Elaine filed a complaint against Fely before their barangay concerning a contract that they entered into. During conciliation, Fely came with Sarah, who claimed the right to represent her minor sister. The barangay captain let Sarah assist her sister. Eventually, the barangay issued a certificate to file action after the parties failed to settle their differences. When Sarah formally appeared as lawyer for her sister, Elaine filed an administrative complaint against her for taking part in the barangay conciliation and preventing the parties from taking meaningful advantage of the same. Is Sarah liable? (A) No, because she has to represent her sister who was a minor. (B) No, because the Court can always dismiss the case without prejudice to a genuine conciliation. (C) Yes, because what Sarah did was deceitful and amounts to fraud. (D) Yes, because as lawyer, she is a absolutely forbidden to appear in barangay conciliations.

When will Atty. Antonio's notarial commission expire if he applied for and was given such commission on 12 November 2010? (A) 31 December 2012 (B) 31 December 2011 (C) 11 November 2011 (D) 11 November 2012

Raul sought Ely's disbarment for notarizing a deed of sale knowing that four of the sellers were dead. Ely admitted that he notarized the deed of sale but only after his client assured him that the signatures of the others were authentic. Later, Raul moved to have the complaint against him dismissed on the ground that it was filed because of a misunderstanding which had already been clarified. This prompted the IBP to recommend the dismissal of the complaint. Can the dismissal be allowed? (A) No, unless the complainant executes an affidavit of desistance. (B) Yes, since no compelling reason remained to continue with it. (C) Yes, but recall Ely's notarial commission since the charge against him seems meritorious. (D) No, given Ely's admission that he notarized the document when some signatories were absent.

Which of the following statements best describes the distinct traditional dignity that the legal profession enjoys over other professions? (A) People are quite dependent on lawyers for their skills in getting them out of trouble with the law. (B) Its members strive to maintain honesty even in their private dealings. (C) Its members earn by charging specified emoluments or fees. (D) The profession is anchored on a fiduciary relation with the client.

In a verified complaint, Kathy said that Judge Florante decided a petition for correction of entry involving the birth record of her grandson, Joshua, who happened to be child of Judge Florante's daughter, Pilita. Judge Florante insisted that he committed no wrong since the proceeding was non-adversarial and since it merely sought to correct an erroneous entry in the child's birth certificate. Is Judge Florante liable? (A) Yes, because Florante breached the rule on mandatory disqualification. (B) No, because Judge Florante has no pecuniary interest in the proceeding. (C) No, because it is true the proceeding was non-adversarial so it prejudiced no one. (D) Yes, since the correction in the child's record affects the details of birth of the child.

Sheryl, Eric's counsel, once asked for postponement and the court granted it since the opposing counsel, Bernadine, did not object. Eric then asked Sheryl not to allow any further postponements because his case has been pending for 8 years. When trial resumed, Bernadine moved to reset the trial because of her infant's ailment. What must Sheryl do? (A) Remind the Court that it has the duty to promptly decide the case. (B) Interpose no objection since she too once sought postponement without Bernadine's objection. (C) Vehemently oppose Bernadine's motion for being contrary to Eric's wishes. (D) Submit the motion to the Court's sound discretion.

The acknowledgment appearing in a deed of sale reads: "Before me personally appeared this 30 August 2010 Milagros A. Ramirez, who proved her identity to me through witnesses: 1. Rosauro S. Balana, Passport UU123456; 1-5-2010/Baguio City; and 2. Elvira N. Buela, Passport W200345; 1-17-2009/Manila. Both witnesses, of legal ages, under oath declare that: Milagros A. Ramirez is personally known to them; she is the same seller in the foregoing deed of sale; she does not have any current identification document nor can she obtain one within a reasonable time; and they are not privy to or are interested in the deed she signed." What is the status of such a notarial acknowledgment? (A) Questionable since the notary public is not shown to personally know the principal party. (B) Ineffective since it included parties not privy to the deed. (C) Invalid since the evidence of identity is non-compliant with the notarial rules. (D) Valid since it is a manner of establishing the identity of the person executing the document.

Atty. Mike started teaching Agrarian Reform and Taxation in June 2001 at the Arts and Sciences Department of the Far Eastern University. In 2005, he moved to San Sebastian Institute of Law where he taught Political Law. Is Atty. Mike exempt from complying with the MCLE for the 4th compliance period in April 2013? (A) No, since he has yet to complete the required teaching experience to be exempt. (B) No, because he is not yet a bar reviewer. (C) Yes, since by April 2013, he will have been teaching law for more than 10 years. (D) Yes, since he updated himself in law by engaging in teaching.

Eric, a labor federation president, represented Luisa, a dismissed WXT employee, before the NLRC. Atty. John represented Luisa's two co-complainants. In due course, the NLRC reinstated the three complainants with backwages and awarded 25% of the backwages as attorney's fees, 15% for Atty. John and 10% for Eric, a non-lawyer. When WXT appealed to the Court of Appeals, Atty. John questioned Eric's continued appearance before that court on Luisa's behalf, he not being a lawyer. Is Eric's appearance before the Court of Appeals valid? (A) Yes, for Eric has a personal stake, the fees awarded to him, in defending the NLRC’s decision in the case. (B) No, since John can very well represent Luisa, she being in the same situation as his own clients. (C) No, because the representation of another in courts can be entrusted only to lawyers. (D) Yes, since that appeal is a mere continuation of the labor dispute that began at the NLRC.

Atty. Alfredo Prado appeared in a case as legal officer of the Land Registration Authority (LRA). His opponent, Atty. Armando, knew an Atty. Alfredo Prado from his province who had been dead for years. When Atty. Armando checked with the Supreme Court, only one Alfredo Prado was in the roll of attorneys. What action can Atty. Armado take against Vicente who had taken a dead lawyer's identity? (A) File direct contempt action against Vicente for deceiving the court. (B) Criminally prosecute Vicente for estafa for making money upon false pretense. (C) Criminally prosecute Vicente for theft of Alfredo's identity and law practice. (D) Institute disbarment case against a Vicente for misrepresenting himself as lawyer.

Draft a Petition for the Issuance of a Writ of Habeas Data. (5%)

Draft the accusatory portion of an Information for RAPE of a 13-year old child committed by her maternal uncle in broad daylight at the back of a church. (5%)

Judge X was invited to be a guest speaker during the annual convention of a private organization which was covered by media. Since he was given the liberty to speak on any topic, he discussed the recent decision of the Supreme Court declaring that the President is not, under the Constitution, proscribed from appointing a Chief Justice within two months before the election. In his speech, the judge demurred to the Supreme Court decision and even stressed that the decision is a serious violation of the Constitution. If instead of ventilating his opinion before the private organization, Judge X incorporated it, as an obiter dictum, in one of his decisions, did he incur any administrative liability? Explain. (3%)

Judge X was invited to be a guest speaker during the annual convention of a private organization which was covered by media. Since he was given the liberty to speak on any topic, he discussed the recent decision of the Supreme Court declaring that the President is not, under the Constitution, proscribed from appointing a Chief Justice within two months before the election. In his speech, the judge demurred to the Supreme Court decision and even stressed that the decision is a serious violation of the Constitution. Did Judge X incur any administrative liability? Explain. (3%)

Arabella filed a complaint for disbarment against her estranged husband Atty. P on the ground of immorality and use of illegal drugs. After Arabella presented evidence and rested her case before the Investigating Commissioner of the IBP Committee on Bar Discipline, she filed an Affidavit of Desistance and motion to dismiss the complaint, she and her husband having reconciled for the sake of their children. You are the Investigating Commissioner of the IBP. Bearing in mind that the family is a social institution which the State is duty-bound to preserve, what will be your action on Arabella's motion to dismiss the complaint? (3%)

On the proposal of Judge G, which was accepted, he and his family donated a lot to the city of Gyoza on the condition that a public transport terminal would be constructed thereon. The donation was accepted and the condition was complied with. The family-owned tracts of land in the vicinity of the donated lot suddenly appreciated in value and became commercially viable as in fact a restaurant and a hotel were soon after built. Did the Judge commit any violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct? (2%)

A retired member of the Judiciary is now engaged in private practice. In attending hearings, he uses his car bearing his protocol plate which was issued to him while still in the service. Pass on the ethical aspect of the judge's use of the protocol plate. (2%)

Atty. Y, in his Motion for Reconsideration of the Decision rendered by the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), alleged that there was connivance of the NLRC Commissioners with Atty. X for monetary considerations in arriving at the questioned decision. He insulted the Commissioners for their ineptness in appreciating the facts as borne by the evidence presented. Atty. X files an administrative complaint against Atty. Y for using abusive language. Atty. Y posits that as lawyer for the down-trodden laborers, he is entitled to express his righteous anger against the Commissioners for having cheated them; that his allegations in the Motion for Reconsideration are absolutely privileged; and that proscription against the use of abusive language does not cover pleadings filed with the NLRC, as it is not a court, nor are any of its Commissioners Justices or Judges. Is Atty. Y administratively liable under the Code of Professional Responsibility? Explain. (3%)

After passing the Philippine Bar in 1986, Atty. Richards practiced law until 1996 when he migrated to Australia where he subsequently became an Australian citizen in 2000. As he kept abreast of legal developments, petitioner learned about the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003 (Republic Act No. 9225), pursuant to which he reacquired his Philippine citizenship in 2006. He took his oath of allegiance as a Filipino citizen at the Philippine embassy in Canberra, Australia. Jaded by the laid back life in the outback, he returned to the Philippines in December 2008. After the holidays, he established his own law office and resumed his practice of law. Months later, a concerned woman who had secured copies of Atty. Richards' naturalization papers with consular authentication, filed with the Supreme Court an anonymous complaint against him for illegal practice of law. May the Supreme Court act upon the complaint filed by an anonymous person? Why or why not? (3%)

Judge L is assigned in Turtle Province. His brother ran for Governor in Rabbit Province. During the election period this year, Judge L took a leave of absence to help his brother conceptualize the campaign strategy. He even contributed a modest amount to the campaign kitty and hosted lunches and dinners. Did Judge L incur administrative and/or criminal liability? Explain. (3%)

After passing the Philippine Bar in 1986, Atty. Richards practiced law until 1996 when he migrated to Australia where he subsequently became an Australian citizen in 2000. As he kept abreast of legal developments, petitioner learned about the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003 (Republic Act No. 9225), pursuant to which he reacquired his Philippine citizenship in 2006. He took his oath of allegiance as a Filipino citizen at the Philippine embassy in Canberra, Australia. Jaded by the laid back life in the outback, he returned to the Philippines in December 2008. After the holidays, he established his own law office and resumed his practice of law. Months later, a concerned woman who had secured copies of Atty. Richards' naturalization papers with consular authentication, filed with the Supreme Court an anonymous complaint against him for illegal practice of law. Is respondent entitled to resume the practice of law? Explain. (5%)

Rebecca's complaint was raffled to the sala of Judge A. Rebecca is a daughter of Judge A's wife by a previous marriage. This is known to the defendant who does not, however, file a motion to inhibit the Judge. Is the Judge justified in not inhibiting himself from the case? (3%)

Prepare a Verification and Certification against Forum Shopping. (5%)

Prepare a Petition for Letters Rogatory. (5%)

Enumerate the instances when a Notary Public may authenticate documents without requiring the physical presence of the signatories. (2%)

Atty. XX rented a house of his cousin JJ on a month-to-month basis. He left for a 6-month study in Japan without paying his rentals and electric bills while he was away despite JJ's repeated demands. Upon his return to the Philippines, Atty. XX still failed to settle his rental arrearages and electric bills, drawing JJ to file an administrative complaint against Atty. XX. Atty. XX contended that his non-payment of rentals and bills to his cousin is a personal matter which has no bearing on his profession as a lawyer and, therefore, he did not violate the Code of Professional Responsibility. Cite two (2) specific Rules in the Code of Professional Responsibility, violation of which subjects a lawyer to disciplinary action by the Supreme Court although the acts complained of are purely personal or private activities that do not involve the practice of law. (2%)

Rico, an amiable, sociable lawyer, owns a share in Marina Golf Club, easily one of the more posh golf courses. He relishes hosting parties for government officials and members of the bench. One day, he had a chance meeting with a judge in the Intramuros golf course. The two readily got along well and had since been regularly playing golf together at the Marina Golf Club. How about the members of the bench who grace the parties of Rico, are they violating the Code of Judicial Conduct? Explain. (3%)

Rico, an amiable, sociable lawyer, owns a share in Marina Golf Club, easily one of the more posh golf courses. He relishes hosting parties for government officials and members of the bench. One day, he had a chance meeting with a judge in the Intramuros golf course. The two readily got along well and had since been regularly playing golf together at the Marina Golf Club. If Atty. Rico does not discuss cases with members of the bench during parties and golf games, is he violating the Code of Professional Responsibility? Explain. (3%)

Farida engaged the services of Atty. Garudo to represent her in a complaint for damages. The two agreed that all expenses incurred in connection with the case would first be shouldered by Atty. Garudo and he would be paid for his legal services and reimbursed for all expenses which he had advanced out of whatever Farida may receive upon the termination of the case. What kind of contract is this? (2%)

Reacting to newspaper articles and verbal complaints on alleged rampant sale of Temporary Restraining Orders by Judge X, the Supreme Court ordered the conduct of a discreet investigation by the Office of the Court Administrator. Judges in the place where Judge X is assigned confirmed the complaints. What defense/s can Judge X raise in avoidance of any liability? (2%)

Reacting to newspaper articles and verbal complaints on alleged rampant sale of Temporary Restraining Orders by Judge X, the Supreme Court ordered the conduct of a discreet investigation by the Office of the Court Administrator. Judges in the place where Judge X is assigned confirmed the complaints. What administrative charge/s may be leveled against Judge X? Explain. (3%)

Atty. XX rented a house of his cousin JJ on a month-to-month basis. He left for a 6-month study in Japan without paying his rentals and electric bills while he was away despite JJ's repeated demands. Upon his return to the Philippines, Atty. XX still failed to settle his rental arrearages and electric bills, drawing JJ to file an administrative complaint against Atty. XX. Atty. XX contended that his non-payment of rentals and bills to his cousin is a personal matter which has no bearing on his profession as a lawyer and, therefore, he did not violate the Code of Professional Responsibility. Is Atty. XX's contention in order? Explain. (3%)

Allison hired Atty. X as his counsel in his complaint for Collection of Sum of Money. Upon receipt on March 20, 2009 of the Notice of Pre-Trial which was scheduled on May 24, 2009, Allison noted that at that time he would still be in a two-week conference in St. Petersburg. He thus asked Atty. X to represent him during the pre-trial. Prepare the necessary document that Atty. X should submit to the court to enable him to represent Allison during Pre-Trial. (5%)

Is the defense of Atty. R in a disbarment complaint for immorality filed by his paramour P that P is in pari delicto material or a ground for exoneration? Explain. (3%)

For services to be rendered by Atty. Delmonico as counsel for Wag Yu in a case involving 5,000 square meters (sq. m.) of land, the two agreed on a success fee of P50,000 plus 500 sq. m. of the land. The trial court rendered judgment in favor of Wag Yu which became final and executory. After receiving P50,000, Atty. Delmonico demanded the transfer to him of the promised 500 sq. m. Instead of complying, Wag Yu filed an administrative complaint charging Atty. Delmonico with violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility and Article 1491(5) of the Civil Code for demanding the delivery of a portion of the land subject of litigation. Is Atty. Delmonico liable under the Code of Professional Responsibility and the Civil Code? Explain. (5%)

Atty. Candido commented in a newspaper that the decision of the Court of Appeals was influenced by a powerful relative of the prevailing party. The appellate court found him guilty of indirect contempt. Does this involve moral turpitude? Explain. (3%)

Atty. Monica Santos-Cruz registered the firm name "Santos-Cruz Law Office" with the Department of Trade and Industry as a single proprietorship. In her stationery, she printed the names of her husband and a friend who are both non-lawyers as her senior partners in light of their investments in the firm. She allowed her husband to give out calling cards bearing his name as senior partner of the firm and to appear in courts to move for postponements. Did Atty. Santos-Cruz violate the Code of Professional Responsibility? Why? (3%)

When is professional incompetence a ground for disbarment under the Rules of Court? Explain. (3%)

Judges of the first and second level courts are allowed to receive assistance from the local government units where they are stationed. The assistance could be in the form of equipment or allowance. Justices at the Court of Appeals in the regional stations in the Visayas and Mindanao are not necessarily residents there, hence, they incur additional expenses for their accommodations. Pass on the propriety of the Justices' receipt of assistance/allowance from the local governments. (3%)

Draft a Petition for Bail. (5%)